阅读 doctor dropouts

阅读 doctor dropouts篇一：课件today's dropouts

阅读 doctor dropouts篇二：英语四级阅读理解练习题

第132组答案及分析

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded . It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated 'because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.' "The results of our research" Dr. Tucker concluded, "did not support these opinions."

1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.

3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.

As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. 's with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. 's shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. 's tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

6. The author states that many educators feel that _____.

A ：steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus

B ：the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study

C ：the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout

D ：The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members

7. Research has shown that _____.

A ：Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. 's in financial attainment

B ：the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies

C ：The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out

D ：about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree

8. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D. _____.

A ：is the most frequent reason for dropping out

B ：is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate

C ：is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs

D ：does not vary in difficulty among universities

9. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that _____.

A ：optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree

B ：a Ph.D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree

C ：colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D. dropouts

D ：Ph.D. 's are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions

10. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in _____.

A ：salary for Ph. D. too low

B ：academic requirement too high

C ：salary for dropouts too high

D ：1000 positions

阅读 doctor dropouts篇三：考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit-11

Unit 11

Work makes the workman.

勤工出巧匠

Part A

Directions：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D].

Text 1

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts between the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of PhDs. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 22, 000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the PhD requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated “because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of PhD programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the PhD level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the PhD.“The results of our research ” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions”.

1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties.

3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass to the qualifying examination, uncompleted thesis and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their PhD program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent.

As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $20,000 and more annually while none of the PhD’s with that background reached this figure and 78% at the level of $7,500 to $15,000 against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where PhD’s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

1. The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.

[B] the dropouts should return to a better school to continue their study.

[C] the PhD holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.

[D] the dropout rate is attributable to the lack of stimulation by faculty members.

2. What has the research mentioned in the text shown?

[A] Dropouts are substantially below PhD’s in financial attainment.

[B] The motivating factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing PhD studies.

[C] The PhD candidate is likely to change his specialization if he drops out.

[D] About one-third of those who start PhD work do not finish the requirement.

3.What does the author mean by “glum” (Line 2, Para.9)?

[A] bright [B] gloomy [C] clear [D] uncertain

4.According to the text, which of the following statements is true？

[A] Meeting language requirements for the PhD is a more frequent reason for dropping out.

[B] Meeting language requirements for the PhD is more difficult for the humanities candidate.

[C] It is essential for the PhD to meet the language requirements of many PhD programs.

[D] Foreign language requirements for the PhD vary in difficulty among universities.

5.What can be inferred from the text?

[A] The high rate of dropouts lies in the fact that the salary for PhD is too low.

[B] So many PhD candidates drop out in that academic requirement is too high for them.

[C] The high rate of dropouts is because of the reality that the salary for dropouts is higher.

[D] 25% of the dropouts considering returning to school will go on with their present job.

Text 2

The promise of finding long-term technological solutions to the problems of world food shortages seems difficult to fulfill. Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized, such as fish-protein concentrate and protein from algae grown on petroleum substrates, have since fallen by the wayside. The proposals themselves were technically feasible, but they proved to be economically unavailable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers. Recent innovations such as opaque-2 maize, Antarctic krill, and the wheatrye hybrid triticale seem more promising, but it is too early to predict their ultimate fate.

One characteristic common to unsuccessful food innovations has been that, even with extensive government support, they often have not been technologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom they had been developed. A successful new technology, therefore, must fit

the entire socio-cultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop yield, practicality of storage, palatability, and costs are much more significant than had previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies. For example, the better protein quality in tortillas made from opaque-2 maize will be of only limited benefit to a family on the margin of subsistence if the new maize is not culturally acceptable or is more vulnerable to insects.

The adoption of new food technologies depends on more than these technical and cultural considerations; economic factors and governmental policies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation. Economists in the Anglo-American tradition have taken the lead in investigating the economics of technological innovation. Although they exaggerate in claiming that profitability is the key factor guiding technical change — they completely disregard the substantial effects of culture — they are correct in stressing the importance of profits. Most technological innovations in agriculture can be fully used only by large landowners and are only adopted if these profit-oriented business people believe that they increase their incomes. Thus, innovations that carry high rewards for big agribusiness groups will be adopted even if they harm segments of the population and reduce the availability of food in a country. Further, should a new technology promise to alter substantially the profits and losses associated with any production system, those with economic power will strive to maintain and improve their own positions. Since large segments of the populations of many developing countries are close to the subsistence margin and essentially powerless, they tend to be the losers in this system unless they are aided by a government policy that takes into account the needs of all sectors of the economy. Therefore, although technical advances in food production and processing will perhaps be needed to ensure food availability, meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among the various segments of the populations within the developing countries themselves. 

6. According to the author ,what is /are important to the success of a new food ?

[A] economic factors and governmental policies.

[B] profitability and high rewards.

[C] quality of the crop’s protein.

[D] cultural acceptability of the crop.

7. The successful application of technological innovations will be largely determined by

[A] large segments of the populations of many developing countries.

[B] large landowners and profit-oriented business people.

[C] the production system of a country.

[D] whether they are culturally acceptable to their consumers.

8.We can infer from the text that

[A] the Opaque-2 maize can be stored as easily as other varieties of maize.

[B] the Opaque-2 maize is more popular than the wheat-rye hybrid.

[C] the Opaque-2 maize is a more recent innovation than the use of fish-protein concentrate.

[D] the Opaque-2 maize is more susceptible to insects than are other varieties of maize.

9.In developing countries, the introduction of a food innovation needs governmental policies to

[A] guarantee the financial success of the innovation.

[B] ensure the spread of the benefits of the innovation.

[C] convince landowners to try the innovation.

[D] reduce the cost of the innovation.

[A] introduce means of assessing the extent of the world food shortage.

[B] show difficulties of applying technological solutions to the food shortage.

[C] discuss the costs of introducing a new food technology to a developing country.

[D] analysis the nature of new technological innovations in the area of food production.

Text 3

In the relationship of education to business we observe today a fine state of paradox. On the one hand, the emphasis which most business places upon a college degree is so great that one can almost visualize the time when even the office boy will have his baccalaureate. On the other hand, we seem to preserve the belief that some deep intellectual chasm separates the businessman from other products of the university system. The notion that business people are quite the Philistines sounds absurd. For some reason, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in the national conscience. In the cast of characters the businessman comes on stage as a crass and uncouth person. It is not a pleasant conception and no more truthful or less unpleasant than our other stereotypes.

Business is made up of people with all kinds of backgrounds, all kinds of motivations, and all kinds of tastes, just as in any other form of human endeavour. Businessmen are not ambulatory balance sheets and profit statements, but perfectly normal human beings, subject to whatever strengths, frailties, and limitations characterize man on the earth. They are people grouped together in organizations designed to complement the weakness of one with strength of another, tempering the exuberance of the young with the caution of the more mature, the poetic soaring of one mind with the counting house realism of another. Any disfigurement which society may suffer will come from man himself, not from the particular vocation to which he devotes his time.

Any group of people necessarily represents an approach to a common denominator, and it is probably true that even individually they tend to conform somewhat to the general pattern. Many have pointed out the danger of engulfing our original thinkers in a tide of mediocrity. Conformity is not any more prevalent of any more exacting in the business field than it is in any other. It is a characteristic of all organizations of whatever nature. The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and require less in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable size—the government service, or the academic world, or certainly the military.

11. The paradox in the relationship of education to business is

[A] businessmen are both unmindful of history and sophisticated in it.

[B] businessmen show both contempt and respect for noble activities.

[C] intellectuals engage in simple work that the uneducated can complete.

[D] there are both noticeable similarities and differences between businessmen and intellectuals.

12. According to the text, a typical businessman is usually considered to be

[A] obstinate and hostile.

[B] sociable and sympathetic.

[C] ill-mannered and simple-minded.

[D] shameless and ungraceful.

13. There isn’t a stereotyped businessman because

学英语 找长喜

[A] they represent a cross section of society.

[B] they are not ordinary people.

[C] they are people with strong personal characters.

[D] there is considerable mobility in the vocation.

14. The distortion of the image of the businessmen is the result of

[A] prevalent egoism among businessmen.

[B] the fierce social competition.

[C] racial discrimination.

[D] sheer misunderstanding of other people.

15. According to the text, which of the following is true?

[A] People in all vocations are unwilling to conform to a general pattern.

[B] Conformity is a special characteristic of business.

[C] Businessmen are all original thinkers.

[D] Businessmen are provided with greater opportunities than people in other profession.

Text 4

There can be fewer bodies as cursed by industry or as despised by an infuriated British public as the Health and Safety Commission. Barely a week passes without fresh examples of intrusive absurdities: vicars forbidden to change church light bulbs in case they fall off ladders, amateur clowning and school trips cancelled, Christmas decorations unaffordable because of a new ban on firemen using ladders for non-emergencies, and even, shockingly, a child left to drown in a lake because the police were forbidden to jump into the water without previous training.

It is not simply the lawsuits involved with these endless new regulations that are so ridiculous; it is the risk-averse culture that has gripped every local council and every licensing authority and is not only destroying initiative and enterprise but turning Britain into a timid, killjoy society. “Health and Safety” seems now to be the universal excuse to ban anything that was once enjoyable.

To most people, the relevant or irrelevant legislation seems to be an industrial version of political correctness gone mad. It has brought into disrepute the entire concept of the 1974 Act, which set up the Health and Safety Commission and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). The Act was intended to consolidate safe practices in industrial sectors where the accident record was poor. But as Britain has moved to a service economy, more and more responsibility for enforcing the regulations has fallen to local councils. And it is here that the excesses have multiplied as the relationship to reality has disappeared.

All too often, councils have used the legislation as a way of protecting themselves against potential lawsuits. Britain’s increasingly lawsuit-prone culture, spurred by American example and sharp lawyers, has given insurers the excuse to refuse cover unless an activity can be guaranteed to be devoid of risk. Councils would rather close playground swings and ban hanging baskets than pit plain common sense against highly paid lawyers.

The Health and Safety Executive claims to be frustrated that its name is taken in vain, but it has created an environment that is unhealthy and unsafe for common sense. The real danger is that regulators do not know when to stop. Industry is now so overburdened that businesses apparently spend at least two days a month on compliance, with smaller businesses less able to cope with the expense. Safety is about saving lives, not stopping people going about their daily lives.

阅读 doctor dropouts篇四：大学英语阅读1-2

Dropouts on Campus

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. S. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated “because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.”. “The results of our research,” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”

1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.

3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent.

As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

（from cc.sbs edu.cn）

1. The author states that many educators feel that_____________. A.

B. something should be done to get the dropouts back to campus the high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members

C.

D. the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout

2. It has been shown from research that__________. A. about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree B.

C.

D. the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. s in financial attainment the Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out

3. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D.___________. A.

B.

C.

D. does not vary in difficulty among universities is the most frequent reason for dropping out is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs

4. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in___________. A.

B.

C.

D. salary for dropouts too high academic requirement too high salary for Ph. D. too low vacant positions

5. After reading the article, one would not conclude that___________. A. optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree B.

C. colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D. dropouts a Ph.D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree

D. Ph.D.s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions

阅读 doctor dropouts篇五：高2013级定时阅读训练12

高2013级定时阅读训练 (12)

(时间40分钟,总分70分)

----By Bacon

I. 完形填空（共20题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Markita Andrews became a great salesgirl when she discovered, at age 13, the secret of selling.

a waitress in New York after her husband left them when Markita was eight, their 3 was to travel the globe. "I'll work hard to make enough money to send you her mother said one day. "You'll go to college and when , you'll make enough money to take you and me around the world. Okay?"

So at age 13 when her Girl Scout(女童子军) magazine that the scout who sold the most to sell all the Girl Scout cookies she could --- more Girl Scout cookies than anyone in the world, ever.

Her "When you are doing business, dress like you are doing Girl Scout uniform. Always smile, whether they buy or not, always be 12 . And don't ask them to buy your cookies; ask ."

off in her uniform each day after 15 . "Hi, I have a dream. I'm earning a trip around the world for me and my mom by selling Girl

Markita 17 3,526 boxes of Girl Scout cookies that year and won her trip around the world.

fear of rejection leads many of us to reject ourselves and our dreams 1. A. goes B. starts C. stays D. ends 2. A. as 3. A. decision 4. A. work 5. A. marry 6. A. wrote 7. A. win

B. for B. dream B. hospital B. grow B. heard B. go B. asked B. enough B. advised B. Wash B. fair

C. like C. task C. home C. graduate C. found C. take C. decided C. perfect C. declared C. Prepare C. nice C. attend C. planned C. evening C. at

D. in

D. interest D. college D. succeed D. read D. give D. hesitated D. difficult D. ordered D. Wear D. honest D. taste D. arranged D. education D. on D. bought D. smarter D. conclusion D. still

8. A. needed 9. A. attractive

10. A. complained 11. A. Put 12. A. patient 13. A. invest 14. A. wanted 15. A. supper 16. A. behind 17. A. sold 18. A. prettier 19. A. answer

B. choose B. experienced B. school B. beside

B. produced B. happier B. fact

B. even

C. advertised

C. luckier C. difference C. slowly

20. A. immediately

II. 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂

黑。

21. According to the message board, Orion Books ______.

A. opposes the reading of original classics

B. is embarrassed for cutting down classics

C. thinks cut-down classics have a bright future D. is cautious in its decision to cut down classics

22. By describing the shortened classics as “a breath of fresh air”, Ms. Weir ______. A. speaks highly of the cut-down classics B. shows her love for original classics

C. feels guilty of not reading the classics D. disapprove of shortening the classics 23. Mr. Crockatt seems to imply that ______.

A. reading the classic works is a confusing attempt B. shortening the classics does harm to the original C. publishing the cut-down classics is a difficult job D. editing the classic works satisfies children‟s needs

B

Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.

Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments. The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.

Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.

Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry. While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.

While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.

24. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?

A. Humans are nature-born to do so. B. Humans have the tendency to fight.

C. Humans may find new sources of food. D. Humans don‟t like to stay in the same place.

25. The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ______. A. survival chances B. potential resources C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions 26. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?

A. Our genetic makeup. B. Resources on the earth. C. The adaptive ability of humans. D. By-products in space exploration. 27. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?

A. Space exploration has created many wonders.

B. Space exploration provided the best value for money. C. Space exploration can benefit science and technology.

D. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.

C

Dropouts for Ph. D.’s

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates

and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D.‟s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated „because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition(缩/减员) at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.‟s.

“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.” 1). Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2). Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with(与…一致) their levels of ability or their specialties. 3). Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.

Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.

As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D.‟s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D.‟s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D.‟s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum(阴郁的). The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

28. The author states that many educators feel that ______.

A. steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus

B. the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study C. the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout

D. The high dropout rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members 29. Research has shown that ______.

A. Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D.‟s in financial attainment B. the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies

C. The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out

D. about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree 30. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.______.

A. is the most frequent reason for dropping out

B. is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate C. is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs D. does not vary in difficulty among universities

31. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in ______.

A. salary for Ph. D. too low B. academic requirement too high

C. salary for dropouts too high

D. 1000 positions

D

A suspected killer wolf caught by police is to be given a DNA test after a man said it was his pet dog, a husky.

The white animal was caught on March 23 at Nanshahe town in Tengzhou, Shandong province, and identified by a local zoo as a 5-year-old she-wolf.

Police believe it was responsible for attacks on seven people, two of whom died.

But a local man surnamed Wang claimed it was his pet dog Lady that he had reared for two years, and who was gentle in nature.

"We have invited experts from some universities in Shandong, and they will professionally determine whether it's a wolf or a dog," a wildlife protection officer said on Monday.

Xing Hao, a local zookeeper, told reporters: "Its cry is like that of a wolf. Its tail is also straight, not sticking up like a dog, and its ears are upright. All these indicators are in line with a wolf's characteristics."

But Wang disagreed. "It's not a wolf but my dog. I recognized her at a glance from a news photo," Wang told China Daily.

"Her name is Lady and she is very gentle. I have raised her for nearly two years. At around 11 am last Friday, she ran away from home and never came back."

Wang said he now works in another city in Shandong and was only told of events by friends on Friday night. "I recognize my Lady," he said. "I hope I can get my pet back as soon as possible. During her capture, she was hurt badly both physically and mentally. She's very scared of people," he claimed, relying on reports from family and friends who went to see the dog on Saturday."

Wang has contacted local police and the zoo. "It's quite understandable for local departments to do this, as they want to protect local people," Wang said.

.

A. they are a threat to people B. they are like a wild dog

C. they attacked on other wild animals D. they are needed by a local zoo

.

A. the animal was about 2 years old when it was captured.

B. the animal had attacked altogether 2 people before it was captured. C. the man claimed that the captured animal had been raised for 2 years.

D. the man claimed that the captured animal ran away from his home 2 years ago. 34. A.

A. its cry B. its ears C. its fur D. its tail 35. According to the report, which of the following is expected to happen?

A. The captured animal will be killed. B. The captured animal will stay in a zoo.

C. The captured animal will be sent back to its owner. D. The captured animal will receive an identification test.

III. 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

，the idea of roller skating didn‟t exist. It was because of a man named Joseph Merlin that it appeared. Merlin‟s work was making musical instruments._ 37 Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.

阅读 doctor dropouts篇六：考研英语阅读unit-11

Unit 11

Work makes the workman.

勤工出巧匠

Part A

Directions：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D].

Text 1

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts between the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of PhDs. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 22, 000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the PhD requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated “because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of PhD programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the PhD level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the PhD.“The results of our research ” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions”.

1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties.

3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass to the qualifying examination, uncompleted thesis and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their PhD program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent.

As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $20,000 and more annually while none of the PhD’s with that background reached this figure and 78% at the level of $7,500 to $15,000 against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where PhD’s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

1. The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.

[B] the dropouts should return to a better school to continue their study.

[C] the PhD holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.

[D] the dropout rate is attributable to the lack of stimulation by faculty members.

2. What has the research mentioned in the text shown?

[A] Dropouts are substantially below PhD’s in financial attainment.

[B] The motivating factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing PhD studies.

[C] The PhD candidate is likely to change his specialization if he drops out.

[D] About one-third of those who start PhD work do not finish the requirement.

3.What does the author mean by “glum” (Line 2, Para.9)?

[A] bright [B] gloomy [C] clear [D] uncertain

4.According to the text, which of the following statements is true？

[A] Meeting language requirements for the PhD is a more frequent reason for dropping out.

[B] Meeting language requirements for the PhD is more difficult for the humanities candidate.

[C] It is essential for the PhD to meet the language requirements of many PhD programs.

[D] Foreign language requirements for the PhD vary in difficulty among universities.

5.What can be inferred from the text?

[A] The high rate of dropouts lies in the fact that the salary for PhD is too low.

[B] So many PhD candidates drop out in that academic requirement is too high for them.

[C] The high rate of dropouts is because of the reality that the salary for dropouts is higher.

[D] 25% of the dropouts considering returning to school will go on with their present job.

Text 2

The promise of finding long-term technological solutions to the problems of world food shortages seems difficult to fulfill. Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized, such as fish-protein concentrate and protein from algae grown on petroleum substrates, have since fallen by the wayside. The proposals themselves were technically feasible, but they proved to be economically unavailable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers. Recent innovations such as opaque-2 maize, Antarctic krill, and the wheatrye hybrid triticale seem more promising, but it is too early to predict their ultimate fate.

One characteristic common to unsuccessful food innovations has been that, even with extensive government support, they often have not been technologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom they had been developed. A successful new technology, therefore, must fit

the entire socio-cultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop yield, practicality of storage, palatability, and costs are much more significant than had previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies. For example, the better protein quality in tortillas made from opaque-2 maize will be of only limited benefit to a family on the margin of subsistence if the new maize is not culturally acceptable or is more vulnerable to insects.

The adoption of new food technologies depends on more than these technical and cultural considerations; economic factors and governmental policies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation. Economists in the Anglo-American tradition have taken the lead in investigating the economics of technological innovation. Although they exaggerate in claiming that profitability is the key factor guiding technical change — they completely disregard the substantial effects of culture — they are correct in stressing the importance of profits. Most technological innovations in agriculture can be fully used only by large landowners and are only adopted if these profit-oriented business people believe that they increase their incomes. Thus, innovations that carry high rewards for big agribusiness groups will be adopted even if they harm segments of the population and reduce the availability of food in a country. Further, should a new technology promise to alter substantially the profits and losses associated with any production system, those with economic power will strive to maintain and improve their own positions. Since large segments of the populations of many developing countries are close to the subsistence margin and essentially powerless, they tend to be the losers in this system unless they are aided by a government policy that takes into account the needs of all sectors of the economy. Therefore, although technical advances in food production and processing will perhaps be needed to ensure food availability, meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among the various segments of the populations within the developing countries themselves. 

6. According to the author ,what is /are important to the success of a new food ?

[A] economic factors and governmental policies.

[B] profitability and high rewards.

[C] quality of the crop’s protein.

[D] cultural acceptability of the crop.

7. The successful application of technological innovations will be largely determined by

[A] large segments of the populations of many developing countries.

[B] large landowners and profit-oriented business people.

[C] the production system of a country.

[D] whether they are culturally acceptable to their consumers.

8.We can infer from the text that

[A] the Opaque-2 maize can be stored as easily as other varieties of maize.

[B] the Opaque-2 maize is more popular than the wheat-rye hybrid.

[C] the Opaque-2 maize is a more recent innovation than the use of fish-protein concentrate.

[D] the Opaque-2 maize is more susceptible to insects than are other varieties of maize.

9.In developing countries, the introduction of a food innovation needs governmental policies to

[A] guarantee the financial success of the innovation.

[B] ensure the spread of the benefits of the innovation.

[C] convince landowners to try the innovation.

[D] reduce the cost of the innovation.

10.The purpose of the text is to

[A] introduce means of assessing the extent of the world food shortage. [B] show difficulties of applying technological solutions to the food shortage.

[C] discuss the costs of introducing a new food technology to a developing country.

[D] analysis the nature of new technological innovations in the area of food production.

Text 3

In the relationship of education to business we observe today a fine state of paradox. On the one hand, the emphasis which most business places upon a college degree is so great that one can almost visualize the time when even the office boy will have his baccalaureate. On the other hand, we seem to preserve the belief that some deep intellectual chasm separates the businessman from other products of the university system. The notion that business people are quite the Philistines sounds absurd. For some reason, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in the national conscience. In the cast of characters the businessman comes on stage as a crass and uncouth person. It is not a pleasant conception and no more truthful or less unpleasant than our other stereotypes.

Business is made up of people with all kinds of backgrounds, all kinds of motivations, and all kinds of tastes, just as in any other form of human endeavour. Businessmen are not ambulatory balance sheets and profit statements, but perfectly normal human beings, subject to whatever strengths, frailties, and limitations characterize man on the earth. They are people grouped together in organizations designed to complement the weakness of one with strength of another, tempering the exuberance of the young with the caution of the more mature, the poetic soaring of one mind with the counting house realism of another. Any disfigurement which society may suffer will come from man himself, not from the particular vocation to which he devotes his time.

Any group of people necessarily represents an approach to a common denominator, and it is probably true that even individually they tend to conform somewhat to the general pattern. Many have pointed out the danger of engulfing our original thinkers in a tide of mediocrity. Conformity is not any more prevalent of any more exacting in the business field than it is in any other. It is a characteristic of all organizations of whatever nature. The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and require less in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable size—the government service, or the academic world, or certainly the military.

11. The paradox in the relationship of education to business is

[A] businessmen are both unmindful of history and sophisticated in it.

[B] businessmen show both contempt and respect for noble activities.

[C] intellectuals engage in simple work that the uneducated can complete.

[D] there are both noticeable similarities and differences between businessmen and intellectuals.

12. According to the text, a typical businessman is usually considered to be

[A] obstinate and hostile.

[B] sociable and sympathetic.

[C] ill-mannered and simple-minded.

[D] shameless and ungraceful.

13. There isn’t a stereotyped businessman because

[A] they represent a cross section of society.

[B] they are not ordinary people.

[C] they are people with strong personal characters.

[D] there is considerable mobility in the vocation.

14. The distortion of the image of the businessmen is the result of

[A] prevalent egoism among businessmen.

[B] the fierce social competition.

[C] racial discrimination.

[D] sheer misunderstanding of other people.

15. According to the text, which of the following is true?

[A] People in all vocations are unwilling to conform to a general pattern.

[B] Conformity is a special characteristic of business.

[C] Businessmen are all original thinkers.

[D] Businessmen are provided with greater opportunities than people in other profession.

Text 4

There can be fewer bodies as cursed by industry or as despised by an infuriated British public as the Health and Safety Commission. Barely a week passes without fresh examples of intrusive absurdities: vicars forbidden to change church light bulbs in case they fall off ladders, amateur clowning and school trips cancelled, Christmas decorations unaffordable because of a new ban on firemen using ladders for non-emergencies, and even, shockingly, a child left to drown in a lake because the police were forbidden to jump into the water without previous training.

It is not simply the lawsuits involved with these endless new regulations that are so ridiculous; it is the risk-averse culture that has gripped every local council and every licensing authority and is not only destroying initiative and enterprise but turning Britain into a timid, killjoy society. “Health and Safety” seems now to be the universal excuse to ban anything that was once enjoyable.

To most people, the relevant or irrelevant legislation seems to be an industrial version of political correctness gone mad. It has brought into disrepute the entire concept of the 1974 Act, which set up the Health and Safety Commission and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). The Act was intended to consolidate safe practices in industrial sectors where the accident record was poor. But as Britain has moved to a service economy, more and more responsibility for enforcing the regulations has fallen to local councils. And it is here that the excesses have multiplied as the relationship to reality has disappeared.

All too often, councils have used the legislation as a way of protecting themselves against potential lawsuits. Britain’s increasingly lawsuit-prone culture, spurred by American example and sharp lawyers, has given insurers the excuse to refuse cover unless an activity can be guaranteed to be devoid of risk. Councils would rather close playground swings and ban hanging baskets than pit plain common sense against highly paid lawyers.

The Health and Safety Executive claims to be frustrated that its name is taken in vain, but it has created an environment that is unhealthy and unsafe for common sense. The real danger is that regulators do not know when to stop. Industry is now so overburdened that businesses apparently spend at least two days a month on compliance, with smaller businesses less able to cope with the expense. Safety is about saving lives, not stopping people going about their daily lives.

阅读 doctor dropouts篇七：中国政法大学考博英语阅读理解解析1

中国政法大学考博英语阅读理解解析

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 30 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The dropouts rate was found to be 21 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.（）

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated 'because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.'

（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) "The results of our research" Dr. Tucker concluded, "did not support these opinions."

1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.

3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.

Nearly 43 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most

of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 15 per cent. As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. 's with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. 's shone in the $ 4,300 to $ 13,000 bracket with 48% at that level against 30% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. 's tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 23 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

1. The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.

[B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.

[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.

[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.

2. Research has shown that

[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. 's in financial attainment.

[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.

D. studies.

[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.

[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.

3. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.

[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.

[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.

[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.

4. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that

[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.

[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.

[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.

D. dropouts.（）

[D] Ph. D. 's are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.

5. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.

[B] academic requirement too high.

[C] salary for dropouts too high.

[D] 1000 positions.

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

阅读 doctor dropouts篇八：中国传媒大学考博辅导：考博英语阅读理解练习

中国传媒大学考博辅导：考博英语阅读理解练习

Passagesix（DropoutsforPh.D.s）

EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas30percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe21percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.（考试大）

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated'becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.'

"Theresultsofourresearch"Dr.Tuckerconcluded,"didnotsupporttheseopinions."

1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistent

withtheirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.

3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly43percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby15percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.'swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.'sshoneinthe$4,300to$13,000bracketwith48%atthatlevelagainst30%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.

D.'stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast23%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

1.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat

[A]stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus.

[B]thefropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.

[C]thePh.D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.

[D]Thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers.

2.Researchhasshownthat

[A]DropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.'sinfinancialattainment.

[B]theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.

[C]ThePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.

[D]aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree.

3.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.

[A]isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout.

[B]ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate.

[C]isanessentialpartofmanyPh.D.programs.

[D]doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.

4.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat

[A]optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.

[B]aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.

[C]collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.（考试大）

[D]Ph.D.'sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.

5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin

[A]salaryforPh.D.toolow.

[B]academicrequirementtoohigh.

[C]salaryfordropoutstoohigh.

[D]1000positions.

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

阅读 doctor dropouts篇九：2015考研英语阅读理解精读P1—教育学

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P1—教育

学

Passage 1(Dropouts for Ph. D. s)

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’

“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”

1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.

3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.

As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields. As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider

returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

1.The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.

[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.

[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.

[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.

2.Research has shown that

[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.

[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.

[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.

[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.

3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.

[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.

[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.

[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.

[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.

4.After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that

[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.

[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.

[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.

[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.

5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.

[B] academic requirement too high.

[C] salary for dropouts too high.

[D] 1000 positions.

Vocabulary

1.dropout 辍学者，中途退学

2.well-rounded 全面的

3.attrition 缩/减员，磨损

4.drain 枯竭

5.bracket 一类人，(尤指按收入分类的)阶层

6.lagging behind other fields 落后于其它领域

7.glum 阴郁的

难句译注

1.Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s.

【参考译文】教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学的高比率;这对迫切需要博士生的国家是一个人才方面的严重损失。

2.It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in

24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

【结构分析】sent过去分词，修饰questionnaires。Who定语从句修饰students。

【参考译文】这份全面调查报告是以22000份调查表分送给以前在24所大学就读的博士生为基础的。这份全面调查报告似乎说明过去许多担心害怕是没有根据的。

3.Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.

【结构分析】被动句。To capacity满额，全力。

【参考译文】博士水平的人员的缩减被认为是宝贵的教授时间的浪费和已经被使用到极限的大学资源的枯竭。

4.This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph.

D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

【结构分析】the fact的同位语that从句中的where是定语从句，修饰academic fields。

【参考译文】这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其它领域。

写作方法与文章大意

这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文章一开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学达50%的问题。而调查报告证明，只有31%。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。 答案详解

1.A. 许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在第三段最后一句话：“有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝说辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来减少。”

B. 辍学者应回到稍第几的学校去完成学业。 C. 有博士学位的人一般比辍学者具有较好的适应性。 D. 高辍学率主要原因在于教师方面缺乏刺激鼓励。这三项文内没有提。

2.D.约三分之一开始就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。第二段第一句：“辍学率为31%。大多数情况下，辍学人不能完成博士学位学业，就去从事生产性工作”。

A. 辍学者的经济收入比博士生低许多。这是错的。见倒数第二段：“作为辍学者干得真不错的证明，统计图表说明2%人文学科的辍学者年收入为20000多没劲，没有一个同样背景的博士生达到这个数字。7000至15000美元年收入水平为博士生的78%，辍学者仅为50%。” B. 在博士学习中刺激因素较小。 C. 博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。

3.C. 博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在第四段有所表示：“约75%的退学者说，他们决定退学并不是处于学术的原因，而处于学术原因的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试，难以完成研究，通不过外语考试”。这里看出外语是博士生课程的基本组成部分。

A. 它是退学最频繁的原因。 B. 它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。 D. 它在大学中的难度并没有不同。

4.A. 读完这篇文章，人们不会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最后一段。第三段末：“我们研究的结果并不支持这些一件(包括返回校园之意见)：⑴缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。⑵大多数退学者在博士课程上已经达到和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。⑶大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相一致。”最后一段：“至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25%的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作。”

B. 博士生退学者，大体而论，并不具备得到学位所需要的一切。 C. 学院和大学雇佣

了许多退学生。 D. 博士生在非学术岗位上没有挣到他们应得的钱。B.、C.两项文内没提。

D.不对，参见难句译注4。

5.A. 博士生的工资太低。见第四题A.的译注和难句译注4。

B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术原因辍学者之强调点。 C. 辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。见第二题D项注释。 D. 职位低。文内没有提。

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阅读 doctor dropouts篇十：中国地质大学(北京)考博英语阅读解析2

中国地质大学（北京）考博英语阅读解析 Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 30 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The dropouts rate was found to be 21 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.()

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated 'because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.'

（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) "The results of our research" Dr. Tucker concluded, "did not support these opinions."

1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.

3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.

Nearly 43 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most

of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 15 per cent. As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. 's with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. 's shone in the $ 4,300 to $ 13,000 bracket with 48% at that level against 30% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. 's tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 23 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

1. The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.

[B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.

[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.

[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.

2. Research has shown that

[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. 's in financial attainment.

[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.

D. studies.

[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.

[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.

3. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.

[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.

[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.

[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.

4. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that

[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.

[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.

[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.

D. dropouts.()

[D] Ph. D. 's are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.

5. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.

[B] academic requirement too high.

[C] salary for dropouts too high.

[D] 1000 positions.

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑