大学六级综合阅读23

大学六级综合阅读23篇一：2014年大学英语六级综合阅读考试试题(三)

大学英语六级综合阅读考试试题(三)

一、Reading Comprehension（共10小题,共80.0分）There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题

In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.

The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people—especially those born to families who have lived in the US for many generations—apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren't likely to get any taller. "In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much gone as far as we can go," says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.

Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5'9" for men, 5'4" for women—hasn't really changed since 1960.

Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal (两足动物) posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. "There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism," says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.

Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire

C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick,

Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident.\

Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to ______.

A illustrate the change of height of NBA players

B show the popularity of NBA players in the US.

C compare different generations of NBA players

D assess the achievements of famous NBA players

【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词Wilt Chamberlain定位于第1段前两句In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA)listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. 可知，近几十年内NBA出现了越来越多的高个球员，球员的身高发生了很大的变化。

第2题

Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?

A Genetic modification.

B Natural environment.

C Living standards.

D Daily exercise.

【正确答案】：C

【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词growth定位于第3段前三句Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues...But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years. 可知，身体生长需要热量和营养，尤其是蛋白质，营养不足时身体生长就会受到阻碍，随着饮食和健康状况的改善，孩子们也越来越高了。换言之，生活水平的提高保证了人体的正常生长。

第3题

On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?

A Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.

B Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.

C Americans are the tallest on average in the world.

D Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.

【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词upright posture定位于第4段第3、4句...our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. "There are some real

constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,"...可知，如果我们身材过大，脚和背便很难承受由此而来的巨大压力，故每种生物的基因结构中都有一些限制。此种压力的限制又源于我们直立行走的姿势，B)为正确选项。

第4题

We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future ______.

A the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size

B the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged

C genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen

D the existing data of human height will still be applicable

【正确答案】：D

【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

据末段首句Genetic maximums can change，but don't expect this to happen soon.可知，人类身高短期内不会有巨大变化，通过末句And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment... "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident."可知，现有的数据仍可放心使用。

第5题

The text intends to tell us that ______.

A the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern

B human height is becoming even more predictable

C Americans have reached their genetic growth limit

D the genetic pattern of Americans has altered

【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

本文第1段引出话题；第2段首句出现重要转折词though，其中提及人类学家的重要论断In the general population today, at this genetic,

environmental level, we've pretty much gone as far as we can go；第3段讨论影响人类生长的因素，末句仍强调了人类身高无明显变化；第4段谈及制约人类身高的因素；末段重复强调了美国人的身高将保持现有水平的观点。由此可知，从第2段开始，下文皆表达了美国人的身高从基因角度来讲不会再有所变化的观点，即第2段为全文中心段，C)项与原文相符。

第6题

War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for

self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence . But on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence cannot be simply reduced to an instance. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to

aggressive behavior. In human societies, violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order.

Religious have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed .

The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes

responsibility for the discovery control and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals form violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.

The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war, the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community's deepest religious and ethical commitments.

Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that ______.

A it threatens the existing social systems

B it is influenced by society

C it has roots in religious conflicts

D it is directed against institutions of law

【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

大学六级综合阅读23篇二：2014年大学英语六级综合阅读考试试题(二)

大学英语六级综合阅读考试试题(二)

一、Reading Comprehension（共10小题,共90.0分）There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What

researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long fished areas, it has halved again since then. Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar (声呐设备), which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.

Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the

"shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be

cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.

The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ______.

A large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment

B small species survived as large animals disappeared

C large sea animals may face the same threat today

D slow growing fish outlive fast growing ones

【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词large animals, extinction定位于第1段第3、4句The large, slow growing animals were...hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans, something similar指前句所说的情况，即大型动物的灭绝，由此可推断作者担忧海洋中的大型动物亦会走向灭绝命运。 第2题

We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm's paper that ______.

A the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%

B there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago

C the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount

D the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old

【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词Myers与Worm定位于第2段，继而根据paper定位于第5、6句...the biomass of large predators...is reduced on average by 80%...In some long fished areas, it has halved again since then, 此题需进行一点数学运算。

新渔场开发的15年内，大型鱼类生物群体总量下降80%，即只剩20%；而从那时起至今，又下降了一半，即下降10%，由此算来，只剩10%，换言之，下降了90%!选项中的stock与原文biomass属近义转述。

第3题

By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, Para. 3), Dr. Worm means that ______.

A fishing technology has improved rapidly

B the catch sizes are actually smaller than recorded

C the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss

D the data collected so far are out of date

【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

关键词为these figures，these沿承于上文，根据上一题分析可知，它指的是：大型鱼类生物群体总量已所剩无几，而且这个还是保守估计。保守估计的潜台词为：真正的情况比这个还要糟糕，这些生物群体的损失比估算中的还要大。另根据第3段第4句That means a higher proportion...is being caught, so the real difference...is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.可知，被捕获的数量远比我们想象的要多。

第4题

Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ______.

A people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time

B fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass

C the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level

D people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation

【正确答案】：D

【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词Myers定位于末段第1、2句Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline..., They believe...that of the “shifting baseline”.可知，Myers等研究者支持的观点是“shifting baseline”，对照选项，只有D)项可体现“变化”之意。

第5题

The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries ______.

A management efficiency B biomass level

C catch size limits

D technological application

【正确答案】：B

【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

本题问及作者写文章的主要关注点，需从全篇把握。从首段末句Now something similar could be happening in the oceans，第2段首句That the seas are being overfished...，第3段首句...these figures are conservative, 皆可感觉到作者对海洋生物群体总量减少的担忧。

第6题

Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.

This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony(虚假的) or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's Daffodils to Baudelaire's Flowers of Evil.

You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.

After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a

commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.

Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis(关节炎)drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.

What we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that

happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.

By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that ______.

A poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music

B art grows out of both positive and negative feelings

C poets today are less skeptical of happiness

D artists have changed their focus of interest

【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词Wordsworth和Baudelaire定位于第2段第3句But...more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's Daffodils to Baudelaire's Flowers of Evil.。前一句讲早期的艺术多为表达快乐，转折词but提示我们，作者强调的重点在此

大学六级综合阅读23篇三：2014年大学英语六级综合阅读考试试题(四)

大学英语六级综合阅读考试试题(四)

一、Reading Comprehension（共10小题,共80.0分）There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题

When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. It's Linda Tripp, not the FBI③, who is facing charges under Maryland's laws against secret telephone taping. It's our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.

Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will. As an example of what's going on, consider U.S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits.

With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars—selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a "free trial offer" had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U.S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues. Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They didn't know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no.

The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The company defends that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its

customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.

And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans. You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields "transaction and experience" information—mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers

are for sale by private firms. They've generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book.

Self-regulation doesn't work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it?

Take U. S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that "all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential". Then it sold your data to Member Works. The bank even claims that it doesn't "sell" your data at all. It merely "shares" it and reaps a profit. Now you know.

Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on people's privacy ______.

A is mainly carried out by means of secret taping

B has been intensified with the help of the IRS

C is practiced exclusively by the FBI

D is more prevalent in business circles

【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

根据第1段的第3、4句话：It's Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Maryland's laws against secret telephone taping. It's our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms. 可知正是琳达·特里普，而不是联邦调查局被指控违反了马里兰州法律禁止秘密电话录音的法律。把我们的私人财务数据传给电话营销公司正是我们的银行，而不是美国国税局。D)符合文意。 第2题

We know from the passage that ______.

A legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protection

B most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businesses

C the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private information

D lawmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers' buying habits

【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

根据第2段的第2句：The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will．可知立法者倾向于允许商家随意跟踪我们的金融习惯。该句中所提的financial habits实际上指的就是D)所提到的消费者的消费行为。

第3题

When the "free trial" deadline is over, you'll be charged without notice for a product or service if ______.

A you fail to cancel it within the specified period

B you happen to reveal your credit card number

C you find the product or service unsatisfactory

D you fail to apply for extension of the deadline

【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

根据第3段的第2、3句：Customers who accepted a “free trial offer” had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U. S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues，可知，这些客户可以接受为期30天的“免费试用”。然而，一旦过期后，银行自动从这些客户的银行账户或信用卡里收取费用。与此同时，美国银行从中拿提成。由此可知，选项A)you fail to cancel it within the specified period(你没有在指定的期限里取消)符合文意。

第4题

Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because ______.

A its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current protection policy

B it is considered "transaction and experience" information unprotected by law

C it has always been considered an open secret by the general public

D its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation

【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

根据第5段的第2、3句话：You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields "transaction and experience" information—mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. 可知你对于利用你的个人信息牟利的商业行为几乎没有防御能力。譬如，没有任何联邦法律保护你的“交易和经历”信息——主要是银行和信用卡账户的具体信息。B)符合文意。

第5题

We can infer from the passage that ______.

A banks will have to change their ways of doing business

B privacy protection laws will soon be enforced

C consumers' privacy will continue to be invaded

D "free trial" practice will eventually be banned

【正确答案】：C

【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

可以用排除法解此题。纵观四个选项，A)、B)、D)文中均未提及。根据文章最后一段内容可知，选项C)(消费者的隐私将继续被侵犯)正确。

第6题

Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technology—meaning prices should eventually drop—and the market does seem to be growing.

Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. It can guide

you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directions—spoken by a clear human-sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.

The computer works with an antenna (无线) that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car's location can he pinned down within 100 meters. The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the car's position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks and points of interest are included.

Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware— the way the computer accepts the driver's request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.

BMW's system offers a set of cross hairs (瞄准器上的十字纹) that can be moved across the map (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you'd like to get to. Audi's screen can he switched to TV reception. Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMW's and Lexus's having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route; fastest, shortest or no freeways (高速公路), for example.

We learn from the passage that navigation computers ______.

A will greatly promote sales of automobiles

B may help solve potential traffic problems

C are likely to be accepted by more drivers

D will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury

【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：8.0分

【答案解析】

根据文章第1段的末句：But it is a developing technology—meaning prices should eventually drop—and the market does seem to be growing. 可知，

大学六级综合阅读23篇四：2014年大学英语六级综合阅读考试试题(一)

大学英语六级综合阅读考试试题(一)

一、Reading Comprehension（共10小题,共90.0分）There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题

Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists(神经学家)had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional

thermostat (自动调温器), regulating moods while the brain is "off line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind

Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."

Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.

The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to,

literally, do it in their sleep.

At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic", Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ______.

A can be modified in their courses

B are susceptible to emotional changes

C reflect our innermost desires and fears

D are a random outcome of neural repairs

【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

题目中have come to的句式十分重要，意思是“现在逐渐„”，这表示我们应该从最新的研究中寻找答案，故文中有关时间的表达便成为关键。在第1段第3句，分别锁定三个时间A century ago, by the late 1970s和now，根据前文分析可知答案应隐藏于now后的内容。根据此段末句if you don't like it，change it.可知，人类已经意识到梦境是可以改变的。题目中 modify与A)项change属近义转述。

第2题

By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ______.

A its function in our dreams

B the mechanism of REM sleep

C the relation of dreams to emotions

D its difference from the prefrontal cortex

【正确答案】：C

【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词limbic system定位于第2段第4、5句...the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active..., We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings cad stay with us all day...，看似呈现出感性体系与理性体系的差异，即D)项；但根据下一句的描述，我们从梦里醒来时或者高兴或者抑郁，而这些感觉会伴随我们一整天，可推断此处着重表现感性体系与梦的关系密切。另外，根据第3段首句The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic, 句中link即relation，可确定答案为C)。

第3题

The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ______.

A aggravate in our unconscious mind

B develop into happy dreams

C persist till the time we fall asleep

D show up in dreams early at night

【正确答案】：D

【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词negative feelings, during the day定位于第3段第2句Most people seem to have more bad dreams early...suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.可知，我们上半夜做的这些噩梦正是由白天的消极情绪所导致的。

第4题

Cartwright seems to suggest that ______.

A waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

B visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

C dreams should be left to their natural progression

D dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

【正确答案】：D

【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

根据关键词Cartwright定位于第4段第1、2句And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.可知，梦并非完全属于潜意识，人类是可以通过练习来控制我们的梦的。

第5题

What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?

A Lead your life as usual.

B Seek professional help.

C Exercise conscious control.

D Avoid anxiety in the daytime.

【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

根据末段可知，他建议我们平时不必太在乎自己的梦，除非它使我们难以人眠或使我们从恐惧中惊醒，从其后第3、4、5句具体表述Those suffering from persistent nightmares...，For the rest of us, ..., Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.可知，长期受噩梦困扰的人才该去找专家诊治；对于其他人而言，继续睡觉或做梦，第二天早上你便会感觉更好一点了。偶尔做噩梦的人自然属于后者，由此可推断，不必对此采取什么特殊的方式，只需像往常那样正常生活休息便可。

第6题

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin(卷尾猴) monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human

counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys-were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve(独有的活动)of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______.

A posing a contrast

B justifying an assumption

C making a comparison

D explaining a phenomenon

【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：9.0分

【答案解析】

首段讲人类遇到不公平就会义愤填膺，而研究发现猴子也是如此，根据第4句Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human". 与末句suggests that it

大学六级综合阅读23篇五：2007年6月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)(附答案)

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2007年6月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled

Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? You should

write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

1. 有人做好事期望得到回报；

2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；

3. 我的观点。

Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and

answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-4, mark

Y (for YES)

N (for NO)

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; if statement contradicts the information given in the passage; if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Seven Steps to a More Fulfilling Job

Many people today find themselves in unfulfilling work situations. In fact, one in

four workers is dissatisfied with their current job, according to the recent ―Plans for

2004‖ survey. Their career path may be financially rewarding, but it doesn’t meet their

emotional, social or creative needs. They’re stuck, unhappy, and have no idea what to do

about it, except move to another job.

Mary Lyn Miller, veteran career consultant and founder of the Life and Career

Clinic, says that when most people are unhappy about their work, their first thought is to

get a different job. Instead, Miller suggests looking at the possibility of a different life.

Through her book, 8 Myths of Making a Living, as well as workshops, seminars and

personal coaching and consulting, she has helped thousands of dissatisfied workers reassess life and work.

Like the way of Zen, which includes understanding of oneself as one really is, Miller encourages job seekers and those dissatisfied with work or life to examine their beliefs about work and recognize that ―in many cases your beliefs are what brought you to where you are today.‖ You may have been raised to think that women were best at nurturing and caring and, therefore, should be teachers and nurses. So that’s what you did. Or, perhaps you were brought up to believe that you should do what your father did, so you have taken over the family business, or become a dentist ―just like dad.‖ If this sounds familiar, it’s probably time to look at the new possibilities for your future.

Miller developed a 7-step process to help potential job seekers assess their current situation and beliefs, identify their real passion, and start on a journey that allows them to pursue their passion through work.

Step 1: Willingness to do something different.

Breaking the cycle of doing what you have always done is one of the most difficult tasks for job seekers. Many find it difficult to steer away from a career path or make a change, even if it doesn’t feel right. Miller urges job seekers to open their minds to other possibilities beyond what they are currently doing.

Step 2: Commitment to being who you are, not who or what someone wants you to be.

Look at the \gifts and talents you have and make a commitment to pursue those things that you love most. If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside an office or ―chained to your desk‖ most of the time, vow to follow your instinct and investigate alternative careers and work that allow you more time to interact with others. Dawn worked as a manager for a large retail clothing store for several years. Though she had advanced within the company, she felt frustrated and longed to be involved with nature and the outdoors. She decided to go to school nights and weekends to pursue her true passion by earning her master’s degree in forestry. She now works in the biotech forestry division of a major paper company.

Step 3: Self-definition

Miller suggests that once job seekers know who they are, they need to know how to sell themselves. ―In the job market, you are a product. And just like a product, you most know the features and benefits that you have to offer a potential client, or employer.‖ Examine the skills and knowledge that you have identify how they can apply to your desired occupation. Your qualities will exhibit to employers why they should hire you over other candidates.

Step 4: Attain a level of self-honoring.

Self-honoring or self-love may seem like an odd step for job hunters, but being able to accept yourself, without judgment, helps eliminate insecurities and will make you more self-assured. By accepting who you are – all your emotions, hopes and dreams, your personality, and your unique way of being – you’ll project more confidence when

networking and talking with potential employers. The power of self-honoring can help to break all the falsehoods you were programmed to believe – those that made you feel that you were not good enough, or strong enough, or intelligent enough to do what you truly desire.

Step 5: Vision.

Miller suggests that job seekers develop a vision that embraces the answer to ―What do I really want to do?‖ one should create a solid statement in a dozen or so sentences that describe in detail how they see their life related to work. For instance, the secretary who longs to be an actress describes a life that allows her to express her love of Shakespeare on stage. A real estate agent, attracted to his current job because her loves fixing up old homes, describes buying properties that need a little tender loving care to make them more saleable.

Step 6: Appropriate risk.

Some philosophers believe that the way to enlightenment comes through facing obstacles and difficulties. Once people discover their passion, many are too scared to do anything about it. Instead, they do nothing. With this step, job seekers should assess what they are willing to give up, or risk, in pursuit of their dream. For one working mom, that meant taking night classes to learn new computer-aided design skills, while still earning a salary and keeping her day job. For someone else, it may mean quitting his or her job, taking out loan and going back to school full time. You’ll move one step closer to your ideal work life if you identify how much risk you are willing to take and the sacrifices you are willing to make.

Step 7: Action.

Some teachers of philosophy describe action in this way, ―If one wants to get to the top of a mountain, just sitting at the foot thinking about it will not bring one there. It is by making the effort of climbing up the mountain, step by step, that eventually the summit is reached.‖ All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals. Creating a plan and taking it one step at a time can lead to new and different job opportunities. Job-hunting tasks gain added meaning as you sense their importance in your quest for a more meaningful work life. The plan can include researching industries and occupations, talking to people who are in your desired area of work, taking classes, or accepting volunteer work in your targeted field.

Each of these steps will lead you on a journey to a happier and more rewarding work life. After all, it is the journey, not the destination, that is most important. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. According to the recent ―Plans for 2004‖ survey, most people are unhappy with their

current jobs.

2. Mary Lyn Miller’s job is to advise people on their life and career.

3. Mary Lyn Miller herself was once quite dissatisfied with her own work.

4. Many people find it difficult to make up their minds whether to change their career

path.

5. According to Mary Lyn Miller, people considering changing their careers should

commit themselves to the pursuit of ________.

6. In the job market, job seekers need to know how to sell themselves like ________.

7. During an interview with potential employers, self-honoring or self-love may help a

job seeker to show ________.

8. Mary Lyn Miller suggests that a job seeker develop a vision that answers the

question ―________‖

9. Many people are too scared to pursue their dreams because they are unwilling to

________.

10. What ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals is ________.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long

conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will

be asked about what said. Both the conversation and the questions will be

spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the

pause, you must read the four choices marked A) B) C) and D), and decide

which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer

Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11. A) Surfing the net.

B) Watching a talk show.

C) Packing a birthday gift.

D) Shopping at a jewelry store.

12. A) He enjoys finding fault with exams.

B) He is sure of his success in the exam.

C) He doesn’t know if he can do well in the exam.

D) He used to get straight A’s in the exams he took.

13. A) The man is generous with his good comments on people.

B) The woman is unsure if there will be peace in the world.

C) The woman is doubtful about newspaper stories.

D) The man is quite optimistic about human nature.

14. A) Study for some profession.

B) Attend a medical school.

C) Stay in business.

D) Sell his shop.

15. A) More money.

B) Fair treatment.

C) A college education.

D) Shorter work hours.

16. A) She was exhausted from her trip.

B) She missed the comforts of home.

C) She was impressed by Mexican food.

D) She will not go to Mexico again.

17. A) Cheer herself up a bit.

B) Find a more suitable job.

C) Seek professional advice.

D) Take a psychology course.

18. A) He dresses more formally now.

B) What he wears does not match his position.

C) He has ignored his friends since graduation.

D) He failed to do well at college.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) To go sightseeing.

B) To have meetings.

C) To promote a new champagne.

D) To join in a training program.

20. A) It can reduce the number of passenger complaints.

B) It can make air travel more entertaining.

大学六级综合阅读23篇六：最新2013年6月英语六级真题及答案(6月23日)

2013年6月英语六级真题

及答案（沪江版） 注：快速阅读暂缺，作文范文供参考 Part I Writing

2013年6月六级作文范文一

Good habit result…

Good habits are a valuable thing and a bridge reaching desirable results. Evidently, good habits include teamwork, optimistic attitude, confidence and so on. It is well known that teamwork always leaves us less mean-spirited and more inclusive. Again, optimistic attitude and confidence can encourage us to never give up and find silver linings in desperate situations.

Why should we actively cultivate good habits? For one thing, good habits can jump our trains of thought onto correct tracks, in turn, we can bypass the wrong path. For another thing, persisting what we are good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. This is where developing good habits comes in.

As a result, we should take some effective steps to cultivate our good habits. For instance, we can frequently inform young people that opportunities for errors abound, so we must develop

good habits to cope with them. To sum up, we cannot deny it that good habits do carry a positive connotation.

2013年6月六级作文范文二

It is not exaggerating to say that habits determine how much a person can achieve. This is due to the magical power that habits have. It can redouble the effort of our daily behavior.

Take this for example: if you recite one word every day, you will add 365 words to your vocabulary by one year, and 700 words by two years, and 1400 words before graduation which is by far beyond the curricular of CET-6. While if you spend two hours on playing computer games—which is far less than how much time is spent in reality for college students—you will probably get addicted to it and fail your study. This phenomenon can be easily found in the college that it is high time for us to be aware of the importance of habits. We should cultivate good habits and get rid of the bad habits such as staying up late, being addicted to games, consuming extravagantly, etc as soon as possible.

Rome was not built in one day. We can accumulate a great fortune by the tiny efforts we made every day. From now on say good bye to the bad habits and stick to the good ones, we will

enjoy a profitable return in the future.

2013年6月六级英语考试作文参考范文三

A smile is the shortest distance between two people

Mark Twain once said, ―The human race has one really effective weapon, and that is laughter.‖A smile will unconsciously pull short distance between hearts, which is the charm of a smile. So never stop smiling, even when you are sad, for someone might fall in love with your smile.

Undoubtedly, it is smile that keeps us continually shortening the distance among people. When you fall down, a smile from others will bring you the power to stand up. Besides, smile is a name card which will make the people around you feel comfortable and pave the way for you to make good friends. When you feel disappointed with the life and get heartbroken with the love, just smile, it's a good medicine for your hurt soul. Were there no smile, never would we taste a happy and healthy life.

Consequently, from what has been discussed above, it can be safely concluded that a smile is beneficial for us bridge gaps of social interaction and sweep disorders of human communication.

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

暂缺

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11. A) She has completely recovered.

B) She went into shock after an operation.

C) She is still in a critical condition.

D) She is getting much better.

12. A) Ordering a breakfast.

B) Booking a hotel room.

C) Buying a train ticket.

D) Fixing a compartment.

13. A) Most borrowers never returned the books to her.

B) The man is the only one who brought her book back.

C) She never expected anyone to return the books to her.

D) Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets.

14. A) She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.

B) She attended the supermarket’s grand opening ceremony.

C) She drove a full hour before finding a parking space.

D) She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.

大学六级综合阅读23篇七：大学生CET六级阅读理解35篇

1.2007年12月英语六级阅读专项训练（1）

Giving Credit Where Credit Is Not Due

The big identity-theft bust last week was just a taste of what's to come. Here's how to protect your good name

HERE'S THE SCARY THING about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.

Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. It's one of crime's biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so there's little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it's up to you to protect your identity.

The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of "pre-approved" credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.

But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at equifax.com), Trans-Union (and Experian (experian.com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion's website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.

If you're lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it's going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that's $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you're a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just don't expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.

引用

By Chris Taylor Time; 12/9/2002, Vol. 160 Issue 24, p100, 3/4p, 1c

注(1)：本文选自Time; 12/9/2002, p100, 3/4p, 1c；

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1；

1.What is the trend of credit-theft crime?

[A]Tightly suppressed. [B]More frightening. [C]Rapidly increasing. [D]loosely controlled.

2.The expression “inside job”(Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _________.

[A]a crime that is committed by a person working for the victim [B]a crime that should be punished severely

[C]a crime that does great harm to the victim [D]a crime that poses a great threat to the society

3.The creditors can protect their identity in the following way except _________.

[A]destroying your junk mail [B]leaving your Social Security card at home

[C]visiting the credit-report website regularly [D]obtaining the free report from the government

4.Why is it easy to have credit-theft?

[A]More people are using credit service. [B]The application program is not safe enough.

[C]Creditors usually disclose their identity. [D]Creditors are not careful about their identity.

5.What is the best title of the text?

[A]The danger of credit-theft [B]The loss of the creditors

[C]How to protect your good name [D]Why the creditors lose their identity

2. 2007年12月英语六级阅读专项训练（2）

Opinion polls are now beginning to show that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to say.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.

But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?

The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people‟s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now becoming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.

Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people‟s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people‟s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.

Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.

It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change.

The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs. 

21.What is the main idea of the passage?

A） Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.

B） Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.

C） The industrial age may now be coming to an end.

D） Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment. 

22.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?

A） The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.B） The development of factories.

C） Relief from housework on the part of women.D） Development of modern means of transportation. 

23.It can be inferred from the passage that____.

A） most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time

B） many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed

C） in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women

D） some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed

24.What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean?

A） Shocking B） InterestingC） Confusing D） Stimulating 

25.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?

A） Create situations in which people work for themselves.B） Treat employment as the norm.

C） Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.

D） Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.

3.2007年12月英语六级阅读专项训练（3）

No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. 

There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one‟s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? 

Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.

26.The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage was to ____. 

A）plead for the abolishment of uniformsB）show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society

C）advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniformsD）convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages 27.Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food? 

A) To show that freedom of choice is absolute.

B) To show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual.

C) To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory.

D) To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations. 28.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?

A) The person who wears a uniform has no self-worth.

B) Wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept.

C) Uniforms will hurt one entire information and entertainment industry.

D) Envy and competition are incentive to improve one’s life. 

29.The word “superfluous” (Para. 3) most probably means ____. 

A) indispensable B) availableC) surplus D) supplementary 

30.The next paragraph in this passage might discuss____.

A) the positive effects of wearing uniformsB) more negative effects of wearing uniforms

C) alternative to wearing uniformsD) the legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniforms

4.2007年12月英语六级阅读专项训练（4）

A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage. Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals. If we encounter a dangerous wild animal - a poisonous snake or a wild cat - we do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one‟s own, but if we take account of the long competition, which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like

Neanderthal man - indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man - human rage becomes more comprehensible.  In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles. We are always using the words “us and them”. “Our” side is perpetually trying to do down the “other” side. In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack. The opposition of “us” and “them” is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics. Although there are no very serious consequences to many of these modern psychological representations of the “us and them” emotion, it is as well to remember that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it. 

The readiness with which humans allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within our subspecies itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland. The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the Pope has been able to control it. The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until the combatants become exhausted.

31.A suitable title for this passage would be____. 

A) Why Human Armies Are FormedB) Man’s Anger Against Rage

C) The Human Capacity for RageD) Early Struggles of Angry Man 

32.According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is____. 

A) its lengthy and complex developmentB) a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland

C) that we do not fly into a temper more oftenD) that we reserve anger for mankind 

33.The passage suggests that____. 

A) historically, we have created an “us” versus “them” society

B) humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping

C) the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination

D) the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time 

34.From the passage we can infer that ____. 

A) the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens

B) games are psychologically unhealthyC) any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy

D) the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man’s activities 

35.The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is____. 

A) founded in historical fact B) deceptiveC) apparent D) probably accurate

5.2007年12月英语六级阅读专项训练（5）

The first way we can approach language is as a phenomenon of the individual person. It is concerned with describing and explaining language as a matter of human behavior. People speak and write; they also evidently read and understand what they hear. They are not born doing so; they have to acquire these skills. Not everybody seems to develop them to the same degree. People may suffer accidents or diseases, which impair their performance. Language is thus seen as part of human psychology, a particular sort of behavior, the behavior, which has as its principal, function that of communication.

The trouble with the term “behavior” is that it is often taken to refer only to more or less overt, and describable, physical movements and acts. Yet part of language behavior-that of understanding spoken or written language, for example-has little or no physically observable signs. It is true we can sometimes infer that understanding has taken place by the changes that take place in the other person‟s behavior. When someone has been prohibited from doing something, we may infer that he has understood the prohibition by observing that thereafter he never behaves in that way. We cannot, of course, be absolutely sure that his subsequent behavior is a result of his understanding; it might be due to a loss of interest or inclination. So behavior must be taken to include unobservable activity, often only to be inferred from other observable behavior.

Once we admit that the study of language behavior involves describing and explaining the unobservable, the situation becomes much more complicated, because we have to postulate some set of processes, some internal mechanism, which operates when we speak and understand. We have to postulate something we can call a mind. The study of language from this point of view can then be seen as a

study of the specific properties, processes and states of the mind whose outward manifestations are observable behavior; what we have to know in order to perform linguistically.This approach to language, as a phenomenon of the individual, is thus principally concerned with explaining how we acquire language, and its relation to general human cognitive systems, and with the psychological mechanisms underlying the comprehension and production of speech; much less with the problem of what language is for, that is, its function as communication, since this necessarily involves more than a single individual. 

36.What is the best title for this passage?

A) Language as Means of Communication.B) Language and Psychology.

C) Language and the Individual.D) Language as a Social Phenomenon. 

37.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Language is often regarded as part of human psychology.

B) People develop language skills of different degrees as a result of different personal experiences.

C) Language is a special kind of psychological behavior that is born with an individual.

D) People learn to speak and write through imitation and training. 

38.What does the term “behavior” in the second paragraph especially refer to in this passage?

A) It refers to observable and physical movements and acts.

B) It refers to the part of language behavior that involves understanding or interpretation.

C) It refers to both the overt and the unobservable language behaviors in communicating.

D) It refers to acts of speaking and writing. 

39.What does “internal mechanism”(Line 3, Para. 3) mean?

A) Secret machine. B) Mental processes.C) Overt system. D) Mechanic operation. 

40.What can you infer from the passage?

A) Its individualistic approach to language is meant to study the psychological processes of language acquisition.

B) The individualistic approach to language is mainly concerned with how language functions in society.

C) The study of language is sure to involve more than a single individual.

D) Psychological approach to language is concerned with the comprehension and production of speech.

6.2007年12月英语六级阅读专项训练（6）

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise， market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen， striving to make profits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen； and the profit motive， operating under competitive pressures， largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers，coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy， this mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost， this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus， price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system.

The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources （private property）， and they are permitted to hire labor， gain control over natural resources， and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy， the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

1.In Para. 1，“ the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means ___.

大学六级综合阅读23篇八：历年大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案汇总

1993年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with the attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car-bomb.

The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two objectives: to arouse public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The first need is that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trail. The Defence Research Society has taken the practical step of offering a reward of 10,000 pounds for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack.

That is why the intellectual (知识分子) community in Britain and elsewhere must act more vigorously in its own defence. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairmen and chairwomen of these organizations to utter placatory (安抚的) statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would not be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.

21. The words “these developments” (Para. 2, Line 1) most probably refer to ________.

A) the acts of violence against scientists

B) the use of animals in research

C) the techniques of planting bombs in cars

D) the establishment of new animal protection organization

22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A) The police abandoned their efforts to find the criminals.

B) The terrorists escaped with the help of their organizations.

C) The attempted murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.

D) People sympathized murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.

23. The author‟s purpose in writing his article is to demand that animal-protecting organizations ________.

A) declare their objectives clearly

B) give up the use of violence

C) continue the dialogue with the scientific community

D) help to find those responsible for the attempted murder

24. In the author‟s opinion ________.

A) since people can lie, the problem about their rights of scientists can‟t be solved

B) animal-protecting organizations about be held responsible for acts of violence against scientists

C) animal protection organizations should be declared illegal

D) the scientists should take effective measures to protect themselves

25. What does the word “they” (Para. 3, Line 3) refer to?

A) The animal-protecting organizations.

B) The organizations that will talk with the research community.

C) Those who support the use of animals in research.

D) Those who support the animal-protection organizations.

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

The earlier type of suburb, which was most dependent on the railroad, had a special advantage that could be fully appreciated only after it had disappeared. These suburbs, spread out along a railroad line, were discontinuous and properly spaced; and without the aid of legislation (法规) they were limited in population as well as area; for the biggest rarely held as many as ten thousand people, and under five thousand was more usual. In 1950, for example, Bronxville, New York, a typical upper-class suburb, had 6,778 people, while Riverside, Illinois, founded as early as 1869, had only 9.153.

The size and scale of the suburb, that of neighborhood unit, was not entirely the result of its open planning, which favored low densities. Being served by a railroad line, with station stops from three to five miles apart, there was a natural limit to the spread of any particular community. House had to be sited “within easy walking distance of the railroad station,” as some old residents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.

Through its spaced station stops, the railroad suburb was at first kept from spreading or excessively increasing in numbers, for a natural greenbelt, often still under cultivation as park, gardens, remained between the suburbs and increased the available recreation area. Occasionally, in a few happy areas like Westchester, between 1915 and 1935 a parkway, like the Bronx River parkway, accompanied by continuous strip of park for pedestrian (散步的人) use, not yet overrun by a constant stream of urban traffic, added to the perfection of the whole suburban pattern. Whatever one might say of the social disadvantages this was in many ways a perfect physical environment. But it lasted less than a generation.

26. What was the special advantage of the old type of suburb?

A) Its nearness to the railroad.

B) The vastness of its open space.

C) Its small size in area and population.

D) The high social status of its residents.

27. The size of the old suburb was limited because ________.

A) people wanted to live near a railroad station

B) it was originally planned by railroad companies

C) there was a law governing the size of the suburb D) local inhabitants didn‟t like to out in the country 28. “Happy areas” (Para. 3, Line 3) were areas where ________. A) life was enjoyed by everyone B) more roads were built to bypass the heavy traffic C) a greenbelt was available solely for recreation D) people could have lots of fun 29. It is evident that the writer ________. A) finds urban life uncomfortable B) prefers life in the countryside C) feels disappointed in the changes of suburbs D) advocates the idea of returning to nature 30. The topic discussed in the passage is “________”. A) the size and scale of suburban neighborhood units B) the advantage of old-type suburbs C) the location of railroad stations D) the concept of the suburban pattern

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.

Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.

Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.

As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.

The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a

great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.

31. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?

A) It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.

B) Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.

C) Research can never be emphasized too much.

D) The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.

32. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because ________.

A) research improves the quality of teaching

B) students who want to be challenged appreciate research professors

C) it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively

D) professor with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough

33. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?

A) Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.

B) The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.

C) It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.

D) The rapid developments of modern science make it impossible to combine teaching with research.

34. The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do ________.

A) teaching

B) field work

C) scientific research

D) investigation

35. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5, Line 3) refers to ________.

A) raising the status of teaching

B) the combination of teaching with research

C) the separations of teaching from research

D) improving the status of research

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happened to be that put upon member of society-a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I‟m convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto (座右铭) for the so-called „service‟ organization-Staff Before Service. How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there aren‟t enough staff on duty at all the service counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to increase counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that bringing all their cash registers into operation at any time would increase expenses. And the

Post Office says we cannot expect all their service counters to be occupied „at times when demand is low‟.

It‟s the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is diminished. As for us guests (and how the meaning of that word has been cut away little by little), we just have to put up with it. There‟s also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been gradually with drawn from service in the interests of „efficiency‟ (i.e. profits) and replaced by coin-eating machines which supply everything from beer to medicine, not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making set in your room: a kettle with teabags, milk bags sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I don‟t, especially when I am paying for „service‟.

Our only hope is to hammer our irritation whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, restore that other, older saying-Take Our Custom (买卖) Elsewhere.

36. The author feels that nowadays customers are ________.

A) not worthy of special treatment

B) not provided with proper service

C) considered to be inferior members of society

D) regarded as privileged

37. In the author‟s opinion, the quality of service is changing because ________.

A) the staff are less considerate than employers

B) customers are becoming more demanding

C) customers unwilling to pay extra money

D) more consideration is given to the staff than customers

38. According to the author, long queues at counters are caused by ________.

A) the diminishing supply of good staff

B) lack of cooperation among staff

C) inefficient staff

D) deliberate understaffing

39. The disappearance of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the fact that ________.

A) self-service provides a cheaper alternative

B) the personal touch is less appreciated nowadays

C) machines are more reliable than human beings

D) few people are willing to do this type of work

40. The author‟s final solution to the problem discussed in the passage is ________.

A) to put up with whatever service is provided

B) to make strong complaints wherever necessary

C) to fully utilize all kinds of coin-eating machines

D) to go where good service is available

大学六级综合阅读23篇九：历年大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案汇总

1990年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Passage One

Questions 21 to 24 are based on the following passage:

Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of pro-ductive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is de-signed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the "Second Industrial Revolution".

Labour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employ-ment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, main-taining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. AI~, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.

To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the "improvement factor", which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.

21. Though labour worries about the effects of automation, it does not doubt that A) automation will eventually prevent unemployment B) automation will help workers acquire new skills C) automation will eventually benefit the workers no less than the employers 22. The idea of the "improvement factor" ( Line 7, Para. 3)probably implies that A) wages should be paid on the basis of length of service B) the benefit of increased production and lower costs should be shared by workers C) supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promoted D) automation is a trend which cannot be stopped

D) the transition to automation should be brought about with the minimum of inconvenience and distress to workers

23. In order to get the full benefits of automation, labour will depend mostly on

A) additional payment to the permanently dismissed workers

B) the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivity

C) shorter working hours and more leisure time

D) a strong drive for planning new installations

24. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?

A) Advantages and disadvantages of automation.

B) Labour and the effects of automation.

C) Unemployment benefit plans and automation.

D) Social benefits of automation.

Passage Two

Questions 25 to 30 are based on the following passage:

The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsi-ble citizens than those who don't go.

But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more nu-merous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out- often encouraged by college administrators.

Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves- they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that's a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn' t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right.

We've been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen- year - olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty - two - year - olds, either.

Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the comple-tion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it

seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things - maybe it's just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick - learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those suc-cessful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy(异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.

25. According to the passage, the author believes that

A) people used to question the value of college education

B) people used to have full confidence in higher education C) all high school graduates went to college D) very few high school graduates chose to go to college 26. In the 2nd paragraph, "those who don't fit the pattern" refers to

A) high school graduates who aren't suitable for college education

B) college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis

C) college students who aren't any better for their higher education

D) high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college

27. The drop- out rate of college students seems to go up because

A) young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college

B) many young people are required to join the army

C) young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education

D) young people don't like the intense competition for admission to graduate school

28. According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that

A) society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates

B) high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education

C) too many students have to earn their own living

D) college administrators encourage students to drop out

29. In this passage the author argues that

A) more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates

B) college education is not enough if one wants to be successful

C) college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick - learning people

D) intelligent people may learn quicker if they don't go to college

30. The "surveys and statistics" mentioned in the last paragraph might have shown that

A) college- educated people are more successful than non - college - educated people

B) college education was not the first choice of intelligent people

C) the less schooling a person has the better it is for him

D) most people have sweet memories of college life

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job re-quiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characteried American society during these last fifty years: middle - class and upper - class employees have been the fastest- growing groups in our working population- growing so fast that the industrial worker, that old- est child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the ex- pans/on of industrial production.

Yet you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist' s trade or bookkeeping (簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different

preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work,the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical a-bilities or professional knowledge.

31. It is implied that fifty years ago

A) eighty percent of American working people were employed in factories

B) twenty percent of American intellectuals were employees

C) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of in-dustrial workers

D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industri-al workers

32. According to the passage, with the development of modern industry,

A) factory labourers will overtake intellectual employees in number

B) there are as many middle - class employees as factory labourers

C) employers have attached great importance to factory labourers

D) the proportion of factory labourers in the total employee population has decreased

33. The word "dubious" ( L. 2, Para. 2) most probably means

A) valuable B) useful C) doubtful D) helpful

34. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is

A) less important than awareness of being a good employee

B) as important as the ability to deal with public relations

C) more important than employer- employee relations

D) as important as the ability to co- operate with others in the organization

35. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one

A) to be more successful in his career B) to be more specialized in his field

C) to solve technical problems D) to develop his professional skill

Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7 - 8 hours' sleep al-ternating with some 16 - 17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.

The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round - the- clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness,sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.

m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no

sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently,

The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night - shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence (发生率) of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.

This latter system then appears to be the best long - term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapt-ed is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a re-versed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of se-

lection does not seem to have been applied in practice.

36. Why is the question of "how easily people can get used to working at night" not a mere a cademic question?

A) Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.

B) Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.

C) Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.

D) Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.

37. The main problem of the round - the - clock working system lies in

A) the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation

B) the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequently

C) the fact that people working at night are often less effective

D) the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers

38. The best solution for implementing the 24 - hour working system seems to be

A) to change shifts at longer intervals

B) to have longer shifts

C) to arrange for some people to work on night shifts only

D) to create better living conditions for night workers

39. It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his

body temperature because

A) body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness altermates

B) body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back

C) the temperature reverses when the routine is changed D) people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently 40. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A) Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker's performance.

大学六级综合阅读23篇十：大学英语六级考试翻译：No.23

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌

Exercise Twenty-Three

1. We had better _________________（天天锻炼身体）.

2. _______________（为了不影响他们），we left quietly.

3. _____________（我答复她）that I would accept her invitation.

4. According to the newly-announced policy，we should ________________（努力搞活国有大中型企业）.

5. It has become an utmost urgency that ________________（必须清除政府中的贪污腐化现象）.

答案：

1. take exercise everyday

解析：考生如果按照字面将此句翻译成train our body everyday，那么就完全不符合英文表达习惯。虽然train有锻炼、训练、培养之意，但一般用于train horses，train the football team，train athletes等，不能说train one’s body，“锻炼身体”的习惯译法是：do/take exercise。

2. Not to disturb them

解析：本题主要从两个方面考察同学们对基础知识的掌握。一是“影响”的正确选词；二是不定式作目的状语的否定用法。“影响”在这里不能选用influence，因为influence表示一种影响人和事或导致事件发生的力量，具有感化力。而本句从意思来看应该是为了不打扰别人，所以应该选用disturb。虽然汉语表述上都是“影响”，但译成英文时要联系上下语境来分析。不定式作目的状语时，否定用法只需要在不定式前加否定词not即可。

3. I replied to her

解析：本题主要考查词义辨析。“答复”在英文里可以选用reply和respond，reply是比较正式的书面用于，有时也可以用于口头或行动上的应答，表示正式而且经过考虑过后的回答，指答复对方论点或问题等，侧重于答复的内容。Respond是比较正式的用语，往往对表示号召、职责、请求等作出相应的答复或反映。如：他没有对我的问题作出任何反应。（He didn’t respond to my question.）

4. invigorate the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

解析：很多考生会把“努力搞活”翻译成endeavor to invigorate，try our best

to invigorate。其实，“搞活”企业就必须付出“努力”，“努力”和“搞活”之间存在意义重叠。Invigorate已经包括“努力使活跃”的含义，因此没必要将两个中文单词都翻译出来。另外，大家要记住“国有企业”，“外资企业”（overseas-funded enterprises），“合资企业”（joint venture）的英文译文。

5. the administration must be cleaned of graft and corruption

解析：本题既考查了无主句的转换，又考查了抽象词的省译，还考查了固定短语搭配。句子需填入部分没有给出主语，“贪污腐化现象”不可能自己清除自己，因此最佳方案是译成被动句式；“贪污腐化”本身就是一种现象，英文不能重复译成the phenomena of graft and corruption；“清除”的常用搭配有：be eliminated from，be cleared away from，be cleaned of，be cleaned out，be weeded out。

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