河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇一：博士英语考试样卷

Proficiency Examination for Doctoral Students

Part I Listening Comprehension（25%）

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation,

a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question

will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,

you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the

best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single

line through the center.

Example: You will hear:

You will read:

A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours.

C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours.

From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours.” is the correct answer. You should choose D) on the answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.

1. A) He doesn‟t have much time for tennis.

B) He is enthusiastic about his new courses.

C) He plays tennis better than she does.

D) He isn‟t very interested in his schoolwork.

2. A) Peter got the booklet for the man.

B) Peter will help the man prepare.

C) The man thinks Peter will do well in the test.

D) The man will pick up Peter after the test.

3. A) The book of his dictionary fell apart when he dropped it.

B) He had read the novel without help in the fall.

C) He needed to look up some words to comprehend the novel.

D) His French teacher helped him with the vocabulary.

4. A) It won‟t be any different from the others.

B) It will be usually mild.

C) It won‟t affect the hunters.

D) It will probably be cold this winter.

5. A) He is likely to help.

B) He has already been asked for help.

C) He doesn‟t know a lot about computer.

D) He was the last one to use the computer.

6. A) They are soaked in the rain on their way to the concert.

B) They missed the concert because of the rain.

C) They will dry off their clothes immediately before the concert starts.

D) They will change their clothes a few minutes before the performance starts.

7. A) Make sure if he had left his book in the lobby.

B) Check if he had left his book in the desk downstairs.

C) Check if his book can be found at the lost-and-found information desk.

D) Check all the desks downstairs.

8. A) He doesn‟t want to attend the graduation ceremony.

B) He‟s attended only one graduation ceremony.

C) The woman doesn‟t have to attend the graduation ceremony.

D) Attendance is taken at the graduation ceremony.

9. A) Exchange some currency.

B) Not to submit the old letter of reference.

C) Submit a letter of reference recently.

D) Make an appointment with the professor.

10. A) He wonders about the usefulness of the protest.

B) He thinks the present tuition is fair.

C) He doesn‟t know how many students protested.

D) He doesn‟t know how much the school charges for tuition.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will

hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.

After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices

marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet

with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard:

11. A) An original document.

B) A literary work.

C) A social art.

D) An individual‟s creation.

12. A) Because they are not easily burned and can last longer.

B) Because marble adds artistic value to ancient buildings.

C) Because they are adaptable to industrial use.

D) Because they are cheaper.

13. A) Architecture as Mountains. B) Development of Architecture.

C) Architecture and Literature. D) The Renaissance and Architecture.

Passage Two

Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard:

14. A) They will find out what its people like.

B) They will argue in favor of this country and the language.

C) They will know the country and its people better.

D) They will like its inhabitants and their language.

15. A) It is from second-hand information.

B) It is gathered from other sources than from its inhabitants.

C) It is from the arguments about the country.

D) It is different from what one had before the travel.

16. A) Differences between people will gradually disappear.

B) Differences between people will not exist as one hopes.

C) Differences between people do exist even though different nationalities behave exactly alike.

D) Differences between people will always continue to exist and the world will be a dull place.

Passage Three

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard:

17. A) It was discovered halfway between India and China.

B) It was not on the map in the early nineteenth century.

C) It has developed rapidly since the nineteenth century.

D) It was discovered by a man on the way to the Far East.

18. A) The island was a sandy place.

B) Not many people lived on the island.

C) There were a lot of pirates on the island.

D) The people had been chased away by rats and insects.

19. A) The pirates owned the island.

B) The pirates were very violent people.

C) The pirates came to the island to die.

D) The local inhabitants had been killed by the pirates.

20. A) He felt that he was alone.

B) He realized he had made a mistake.

C) He had doubts about its future wealth.

D) He thought that it would definitely become a rich city.

II. Reading Comprehension(25%)

Passage 1

On December 14th, university researchers were due to find out what their colleagues really thought about them, with the publication of the results of a five-yearly assessment of research. Since money depends on the results, everybody is watching keenly.

The results divide research into what is world-class and what is not. They show that British research, ranked among the best in the world, has further improved since it was last examined. More than half of researchers are bassed in departments containing work of international excellence, compared with a third in 1996.

Britain now ranks first in the world in terms of the numbers of publications and citations. Six

years ago, British-based researchers wrote 11% of the most frequently cited papers; that figure has since risen to 18%. Despite such tributes from their peers, many academics still argue that more does not necessarily mean better. Academics may rush work into print merely to meet the artificial deadline of the five year cycle, rather than spend longer producing the sort of great magnum opus that used to distinguish disciplines such history and English.

Part of the improved performance is due to universities playing games to maximize their research income. Universities included only their top researchers in this year's exercise, in order to keep their average marks up. Even so, there is no doubt that much of the improvement is genuine. After the 1996 exercise, universities were stung by criticism that British judges were deeming university departments to be internationally excellent without canvassing opinion from outside Britain. This time, international opinion was sought and, in all but 3% of cases, it confirmed the judgment of the British panels.

The dramatic improvement has taken the government by surprise. It uses the results to determine how it spends ￡1.4 billion (＄2 billion) each year, discriminating between excellent research, which it rewards, and less impressive work, which it does not. The bill for rewarding the improvement is ￡200 million and no money has been set aside for paying it. Margaret Hodge, the minister for higher education, has told universities that they must live within the original budget.

That university research has flourished during a time when the public funding for higher education has not kept pace with the expansion in student numbers is a testament to the importance of research to universities. A separate study has found that universities use the money which overseas students pay in tuition fees to subsidize research. It is no coincidence that those producing the best research also have a high proportion of overseas students. Kudos and cash go hand in hand.

1. Why are university researchers so deeply concerned with the assessment results?

A) Because by the results they can find out their colleagues' opinion of them.

B) Because the results determine how much fund they can get for their researches.

C) Because the five year assessment decides who will be promoted to world-class researcher.

D) Because the results shows the rank of British researchers in the world academic circle.

2. Many academics insist that the high number of publications and citations ________.

A) contributes to the enhancement of academic studies in Britain

B) is a recognition of the British researchers' work

C) will encourage the British researchers to further their academic efforts

D) may exert negative influence on the British researchers

3. In the fourth paragraph the author pointed out that ________.

A) universities play dirty tricks in the assessment to get more research grant

B) more and more people doubt the authenticity of the improvement

C) British judges were unfair in the 1996 evaluation

D) in the latest assessment international opinion refutes the judgment of the British panels

4. The British government was surprised by the results because _________.

A) the improvement was really remarkable

B) the results uncover how the ￡1.4 billion research fund was spent

C) the results help to tell the world-class researches from the national ones

D) the government is short of money to reward the excellent research

Passage 2

Industry should get rid of half its bosses, says behavioral psychologist Alfred J. Marrow.

“Adults are quite capable of handling their lives outside their homes, at their jobs,” Marrow said in an interview. They need fewer supervisors and managers, not more.

As president of the American Board of Professional Psychology and former Commissioner of Human Rights of New York City, he‟s heard the complaint from working people over and over again: too many bosses.

If a shirt manufacturer‟s customers are returning merchandise because the collars are crooked, he said, the people who make the shirts are more likely than management to identify the problem quickly if they get together to talk about it.

But if the boss comes on as an opponent, bawling them out for bad work and threatening to or actually firing some, the remaining workers will probably react angrily and work will suffer. He recalled an insurance company in Hartford, Conn., that got about 50,000 pieces of mail every morning. One person was assigned to slit the envelopes, starting at 6 a.m. When a meeting was called to discuss the frequent turnover of employees in that job, one worker suggested that the starting hour be changed to 7:30, and the one person to a team of four or five. The solution worked, Marrow said, because one person was no longer stuck with a boring and lonely job for four to five hours. The work got done in one hour, and the people who did it were then given more varied and interesting clerical duties the remainder of the day.

That‟s called “job enrichment.” More American companies are turning to it because surveys show it‟s No. 1 on employees‟ lists of importance: “Not wages, not hours. They are fifth, sixth, seventh,” Marrow said.

Job enrichment and employee participation gain the support of top organizations because they are good for production and reduce staff turnover, he said. For employees who have not yet discovered they can actually influence management, he suggests:

If you have a problem or objectives that will be good for the company, first discuss them with your coworkers.

“Get together as many people as you want, but don‟t force any to join you. this is not what a guidance committee is for.

“If you have six in ten who are willing to speak to the boss, you‟re likely to be successful. Tell the others, „We won‟t involve you, but you‟re welcome to join us later if you want to.‟”

Marrow said it is best for all who share the same views and objectives to be present when the presentation is made.

“A spokesperson almost always gets back to a one-to-one basis again,” and loners are losers, he said. You have to give each person a sense of involvement, although a group that grows beyond 25 persons puts many in a passive position, which isn‟t good.

One big corporation solved that problem by calling meetings of 20 persons each, for a total of 400 meetings of one hour each over about three months. Marrow said it cost the company about 8,000 production hours and $40,000 in time lost, but if it resulted in 1% improvement in company production, it saved the company more than $1 million in costs.

At the beginning of this century, two industrial engineers recommended job simplification

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇二：河北师大博士英语大刚

河北师范大学2006年博士研究生英语考试大纲

河北师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试是为招收博士研究生而设置，属水平选拔考试。教育部《非英语专业博士研究生英语入学考试大纲》（English Entrance Test for Non-English Major Doctorate Students）明确提出“博士生入学时，其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。博士生入学前应具有“熟练的阅读能力”、“较好的写作能力”和一定的听说能力，以适应博士生阶段的学习 及研究工作的需要。

本大纲的目的是为了帮助考生更好地准备博士生英语入学考试；本考试以《大学英语教学大纲（文理科用）》中对大学英语六级水平的具体要求为主要依据，兼顾其他同等程度的教材和硕士毕业生应达到的英语水平要求，测试考生在英语语法、词汇、阅读、写作及翻译等方面的语言知识掌握和应用能力，择优选拔，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平和应用能力。

一、

评价目标

要求考生掌握下列语言知识和技能： 1.语言知识：

语法：考核考生对英语语法（包括句法）基本知识的掌握程度以及对常见语法

现象和规则的熟练驾驭程度。

词汇：以《大学英语（文、理科用）》中的词汇为主要依据，兼顾其他同等程度

教材和硕士研究生英语教材的词汇，以及六级词汇。考生应熟记其词义，搭配及用法。 2.语言技能：

听力：考生应能听懂日常生活中不同情景的对话、一般性的谈话和讨论。要求

能够理解其主旨要义，获取真实信息；理解明确表达或隐含其中的意义；进行合理判断、推理和引申；理解说话人意图及观点倾向。

阅读：考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的阅读材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词

汇量的3%），并能理解其主旨和表达的具体信息和概括性结论；进行有关的判断、推理和引申；根据上下文及其他暗示来推测词义；理解通篇结构以及段落间的联系；了解作者的意图、观点或态度；区分论点和论据、事实和作者的看法。

完形填空：运用语言知识的能力，要求考生辨别语言的连贯性和一致性等语段

特征，掌握用于一定语境中的语言规范。该部分测试重点包括语法结构，固定搭配，近义词辨别，逻辑关系，上下文推理，语篇连接等。

翻译：汉译英考查考生选择恰当的英语单词、词组和句型来准确表达汉语意思

的能力；英译汉主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性，适当考查考生对增、减、变词义、断句和合句等汉译英基本技巧的运用能力。 写作：考查考生能用英文写各类应用文、尤其是议论性和论说性文章的能力；

能对中国重大政治事件和社会热点进行剖析，对其影响表述自己看法的能力。评价考生在缜密审题基础上能正确立论、恰当选材支持其论点、合理组织篇章结构、正确选择词汇和句型、遵循语法规则等写作能力。 二、考试形式

考试形式为笔试，时间为180分钟。满分为100分。

整份试卷包括试题册和答题卡（Paper One）及答题纸（Paper Two）两部分。 考生应将试题册Paper One部分题的答案按要求用2B铅笔填划在答题纸上，将Paper Two部分的改错、翻译和写作用蓝、黑色钢笔或水笔字迹工整地写在相应的答题纸上。 三、试卷结构和内容

试题册有两部分构成：Paper One为客观题，共两大项，50小题（占总分 40%），包括阅读（30%）和词汇（10%）；Paper Two为主观题，共三大项，17小题（占总分60%），包括改错（10%）、翻译（汉译英15%，英译汉10%）和写作（25%）。

Paper One

第一部分阅读（30%）

由5-6篇阅读文章和30个理解选择题组成（30题x 1分）。要求考生在50分钟内完成5-6篇文章的阅读，所选文章体裁包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；题材涉及到科普、社会生活、人文学科、小说、教育、经济等。测试考生的阅读速度、获取信息的能力、阅读技巧、以及记忆性理解程度和信息处理、分析综合等多方面的能力。要求考生能快速阅读各类题材的文章；准确理解并归纳其要义以及作者的基本观点和态度；把握各层次段落与主题的逻辑关系；通过合理的判

断、推理来理解文章的深层含义；根据语境的暗示来猜测词义。

第二部分词汇（10%）

词汇共20小题（20题x 0.5分）考试时间为15分钟，分两个小节，Section A为选词填空；Section B为给句中划线的词，找同义词替换。本部分测试目的是测试考生运用词汇及短语的能力，通常测试重点是对名词、动词、形容词、短 语及固定搭配的判断和理解，包括区分同义词、近义词、反义词等（词汇测试的重点是研究生阶段应该掌握的1300词或六级词汇）。考生应通过复习，熟悉和掌握大学英语六级规定的全部词汇，使词汇量达到5500左右。

Paper Two部分测试的目的是测试考生综合运用语言的能力

第三部分改错（10%）

由10题组成（10题x 1分）。主要测试考生掌握并正确运用语法规则的能力。考查的重点语法项目是：制约句子逻辑关系的连词和关系词；体现句子行为者主语其情感、意图、行为、判断的动词的时态、语态、情态动词和虚拟语气；在句子中使用非谓语动词、省略和倒装。

第四部分翻译（25%）

Section A：汉译英部分为120汉词的短文，25分钟完成。考查考生使用恰当的词汇和句型，运用基本技巧准确进行语言转换的能力。所译英文句子需符合语法规则，要注意时态语态、搭配、关联词语、单词拼写、大小写及标点符号的正确使用。

Section B：英译汉部分共4个句子（4题x 2.5分），20分钟完成。考查考生运用各种翻译技巧，在理解原文的基础上用通顺的语言将一篇阅读理解文章中划线的句子翻译成汉语的能力。所译语言既要忠实原文，又要符合汉语的表达习惯。

第五部分写作（25%）

考查考生的书面表达能力，以及对社会重大事件的关注程度、敏感性和分析、评论的能力。要求考生根据所规定的情景或给定的题目，在60分钟内完成两部分的写作。试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文。

Section A：应用文写作（20分钟，100字以内，10%）意思清楚，语言简洁、

准确。

Section B：议论文（40分钟200字，15%）观点正确，内容翔实，言之有物，

有说服力。语言通顺，句式有变化，语言、语法错误少。

整份试卷的题目数、计分和考试时间列表如下：

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇三：河北师范大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题

河北师范大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇四：河北师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试是为招收博士研究生而设置,属选拔考试。

河北师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试是为招收博士研究生而设置，属选拔考试。根据原国家教委颁布的《硕士、博士学位研究生英语教学大纲》的规定：博士生入学时英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生毕业时应达到的水平，本考试以《大学英语教学大纲（文理科用）》中对大学英语六级水平的具体要求为主要依据，兼顾其他同等程度的教材和硕士毕业生应达到的英语水平要求，测试考生在英语语法、词汇、阅读、写作及翻译等方面的语言应用能力，择优选拔，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平和应用能力。

一、评价目标

要求考生掌握下列语言知识和技能：

1.语言知识：

语法：考核考生对英语语法（包括句法）基本知识的掌握程度以及对常见语法现象和规则的熟练驾驭程度。

词汇：以《大学英语（文、理科用）》中的词汇为主要依据，兼顾其他同等程度教材和硕士研究生英语教材的词汇，以及六级词汇。考生应熟记其词义，搭配及用法。

2.语言技能：

听力：考生应能听懂日常生活中不同情景的对话、一般性的谈话和讨论。要求能够理解其主旨要义，获取真实信息；理解明确表达或隐含其中的意义；进行合理判断、推理和引申；理解说话人意图及观点倾向。

阅读：考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的阅读材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），并能理解其主旨和表达的具体信息和概括性结论；进行有关的判断、推理和引申；根据上下文及其他暗示来推测词义；理解通篇结构以及段落间的联系；了解作者的意图、观点或态度；区分论点和论据、事实和作者的看法。

完形填空：运用语言知识的能力，要求考生辨别语言的连贯性和一致性等语段特征，掌握用于一定语境中的语言规范。该部分测试重点包括语法结构，固定搭配，近义词辨别，逻辑关系，上下文推理，语篇连接等。

翻译：汉译英考查考生选择恰当的英语单词、词组和句型来准确表达汉语意思的能力；适当考查考生对增、减、变词义、断句和合句等汉译英基本技巧的运用能力。

写作：考查考生能用英文写各类应用文、尤其是议论性和论说性文章的能力；能对中国重大政治事件和社会热点进行剖析，对其影响表述自己看法的能力。评价考生在缜密审题基础上能正确立论、恰当选材支持其论点、合理组织篇章结构、正确选择词汇和句型、遵循语法规则等写作能力。

二、考试形式

考试形式为笔试，时间为180分钟。满分为100分。

整份试卷包括试题册和答题卡（Paper One）及答题纸（Paper Two）两部分。考生应将试题册Paper One部分题的答案按要求用2B铅笔填划在答题纸上，将Paper Two部分的翻译和写作用蓝、黑色钢笔或水笔字迹工整地写在相应的答题纸上。

三、试卷结构和内容

试题册有两部分构成：Paper One为客观题，共两大项40题（占总分40%），包括阅读（30%）和完形填空（10%）；Paper Two为主观题，共三大项，（占总分60%），包括辨错（10%）翻译（汉译英15%，英译汉10%）和写作（25%）。

第一部分阅读（30%）

由五篇阅读文章和30个理解选择题组成（30题x1分）。要求考生在45分钟内完成五篇文章阅读，所选文章体裁包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；题材涉及到科普、社会生活、人文学科、小说、教育、经济等。测试考生的阅读速度、获取信息的能力、阅读技巧、以及记忆性理解程度和信息处理、分析综合等多方面的能力。要求考生能快速阅读各类题材的文章；准确理解并归纳其要义以及作者的基本观点和态度；把握各层次段落与主题的逻辑关系；通过合理的判断、推理来理解文章的深层含义；根据语境的暗示来猜测词义。

第二部分完形填空（10%）

该部分为一篇240-280的文章，题材包括科技，经济，文化，教育，社会生活，人物传记等。文章有20个空白，共20题。考试形式为多项选择，即要求考生从每题给出的四选项中选出一个最佳答案，填入文章空白处，使补足后的文章意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。

第三部分辨错（10%）

由10题组成（10题x 1分）。主要测试考生掌握并正确运用语法规则的能力。考查的重点语法项目是：制约句子逻辑关系的连词和关系词；体现句子行为者主语其情感、意图、行为、判断的动词的时态、语态、情态动词和虚拟语气；使句子变得多姿多彩的非谓语动词、省略和倒装。

第四部分翻译（25%）

汉译英段落为150汉词25分钟完成。考查考生使用恰当的词汇和句型，运用基本技巧准确进行语言转换的能力。所译英文句子需符合语法规则，要注意时态语态、搭配、单词拼写、大小写及标点符号的正确使用。

英译汉部分共4个句子20分钟完成。考查考生运用各种翻译技巧，在理解原文的基础上用通顺的语言将一篇阅读理解文章中划线的句子翻译成汉语的能力。所译语言既要忠实原文，又要符合汉语的表达习惯。

第七部分写作（25%）

考查考生的书面表达能力，以及对社会重大事件的关注程度、敏感性和分析、评论的能力。

要求考生根据所规定的情景或给定的题目，在60分钟内完成两部分的写作。

第一部分：应用文写作（20分钟，100字，10%）

第二部分：议论文（40分钟200-250字，15%）

观点正确，内容翔实，言之有物，有说服力。语言通顺，句式有变化，错误少。

整份试卷的题目数、计分和考试时间列表如下：

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇五：河北师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试是为招收博士研究生而设置,属选拔考试。

河北师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试是为招收博士研究生而设置，属选拔考试。根据原国家教委颁布的《硕士、博士学位研究生英语教学大纲》的规定：博士生入学时英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生毕业时应达到的水平，本考试以《大学英语教学大纲（文理科用）》中对大学英语六级水平的具体要求为主要依据，兼顾其他同等程度的教材和硕士毕业生应达到的英语水平要求，测试考生在英语语法、词汇、阅读、写作及翻译等方面的语言应用能力，择优选拔，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平和应用能力。

一、评价目标

要求考生掌握下列语言知识和技能：

1.语言知识：

语法：考核考生对英语语法（包括句法）基本知识的掌握程度以及对常见语法现象和规则的熟练驾驭程度。

词汇：以《大学英语（文、理科用）》中的词汇为主要依据，兼顾其他同等程度教材和硕士研究生英语教材的词汇，以及六级词汇。考生应熟记其词义，搭配及用法。

2.语言技能：

听力：考生应能听懂日常生活中不同情景的对话、一般性的谈话和讨论。要求能够理解其主旨要义，获取真实信息；理解明确表达或隐含其中的意义；进行合理判断、推理和引申；理解说话人意图及观点倾向。

阅读：考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的阅读材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），并能理解其主旨和表达的具体信息和概括性结论；进行有关的判断、推理和引申；根据上下文及其他暗示来推测词义；理解通篇结构以及段落间的联系；了解作者的意图、观点或态度；区分论点和论据、事实和作者的看法。

完形填空：运用语言知识的能力，要求考生辨别语言的连贯性和一致性等语段特征，掌握用于一定语境中的语言规范。该部分测试重点包括语法结构，固定搭配，近义词辨别，逻辑关系，上下文推理，语篇连接等。

翻译：汉译英考查考生选择恰当的英语单词、词组和句型来准确表达汉语意思的能力；适当考查考生对增、减、变词义、断句和合句等汉译英基本技巧的运用能力。

写作：考查考生能用英文写各类应用文、尤其是议论性和论说性文章的能力；能对中国重大政治事件和社会热点进行剖析，对其影响表述自己看法的能力。评价考生在缜密审题基础上能正确立论、恰当选材支持其论点、合理组织篇章结构、正确选择词汇和句型、遵循语法规则等写作能力。

二、考试形式

考试形式为笔试，时间为180分钟。满分为100分。

整份试卷包括试题册和答题卡（Paper One）及答题纸（Paper Two）两部分。考生应将试题册Paper One部分题的答案按要求用2B铅笔填划在答题纸上，将Paper Two部分的翻译和写作用蓝、黑色钢笔或水笔字迹工整地写在相应的答题纸上。

三、试卷结构和内容

试题册有两部分构成：Paper One为客观题，共两大项40题（占总分40%），包括阅读（30%）和完形填空（10%）；Paper Two为主观题，共三大项，（占总分60%），包括辨错（10%）翻译（汉译英15%，英译汉10%）和写作（25%）。

第一部分阅读（30%）

由五篇阅读文章和30个理解选择题组成（30题x1分）。要求考生在45分钟内完成五篇文章阅读，所选文章体裁包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；题材涉及到科普、社会生活、人文学科、小说、教育、经济等。测试考生的阅读速度、获取信息的能力、阅读技巧、以及记忆性理解程度和信息处理、分析综合等多方面的能力。要求考生能快速阅读各类题材的文章；准确理解并归纳其要义以及作者的基本观点和态度；把握各层次段落与主题的逻辑关系；通过合理的判断、推理来理解文章的深层含义；根据语境的暗示来猜测词义。

第二部分完形填空（10%）

该部分为一篇240-280的文章，题材包括科技，经济，文化，教育，社会生活，人物传记等。文章有20个空白，共20题。考试形式为多项选择，即要求考生从每题给出的四选项中选出一个最佳答案，填入文章空白处，使补足后的文章意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。

第三部分辨错（10%）

由10题组成（10题x 1分）。主要测试考生掌握并正确运用语法规则的能力。考查的重点语法项目是：制约句子逻辑关系的连词和关系词；体现句子行为者主语其情感、意图、行为、判断的动词的时态、语态、情态动词和虚拟语气；使句子变得多姿多彩的非谓语动词、省略和倒装。

第四部分翻译（25%）

汉译英段落为150汉词25分钟完成。考查考生使用恰当的词汇和句型，运用基本技巧准确进行语言转换的能力。所

译英文句子需符合语法规则，要注意时态语态、搭配、单词拼写、大小写及标点符号的正确使用。

英译汉部分共4个句子20分钟完成。考查考生运用各种翻译技巧，在理解原文的基础上用通顺的语言将一篇阅读理解文章中划线的句子翻译成汉语的能力。所译语言既要忠实原文，又要符合汉语的表达习惯。

第七部分写作（25%）

考查考生的书面表达能力，以及对社会重大事件的关注程度、敏感性和分析、评论的能力。

要求考生根据所规定的情景或给定的题目，在60分钟内完成两部分的写作。

第一部分：应用文写作（20分钟，100字，10%）

第二部分：议论文（40分钟200-250字，15%）

观点正确，内容翔实，言之有物，有说服力。语言通顺，句式有变化，错误少。

整份试卷的题目数、计分和考试时间列表如下：

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇六：快来看吧2013年博士英语试卷

2013MD

全国医学博士外语统一考试

英语试卷

答题须知

1．请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。

2．试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。

3．试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。

4．标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5．听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。

国家医学考试中心

PAPER ONE

Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）

Section A Directions:

In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Listen to the following example You will hear

Woman: I feel faint.

Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman?

You will read:

A. She is sick.

B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry.

D. She spilled her paint.

Here C is the right answer.

Sample Answer

Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. A cough B. Diarrhea

2. A. Tuberculosis B. Rhinitis

3. A. In his bag. C. In his house.

4. A. He’s nearly finished his work.

B. He has to work for some more time. C. He wants to leave now.

D. He has trouble finishing his work.

5. A. A patient B. A doctor

6. A. 2.6 B. 3.5

7. A. He is the head of the hospital. C. He went out looking for Dan.

C. A fever

D. Vomiting D. Flu

C. Laryngitis

B. By the lamp.

D. No idea about where he left it.

C. A teacher C. 3.9

D. A student D. 136

B. He is in charge of Pediatrics.

D. He went to Michigan on business.

8. A. He has got a fever. B. He is a talented skier. C. He is very rich. D. He is a real ski enthusiast.

9. A. To ask local people for help.

B. To do as Romans do only when in Rome. C. Try to act like the people from that culture. D. Stay with your country fellows.

10. A. She married because of loneliness. B. She married a millionaire. C. She married for money. D. She married for love.

11. A. Aspirant B. Courageous C. Cautious D. Amiable

12. A. He was unhappy. B. He was feeling a bit unwell. C. He went to see the doctor. D. The weather was nasty.

13. A. You may find many of them on the bookseller’ shelves. B. You can buy it from almost every bookstore. C. It’s a very popular magazine. D. It doesn’t sell very well.

14. A. A general practitioner. B. A gynecologist. B. An orthopedist D. A surgeon.

15. A. Chemotherapy B. Radiation C. Injections D. Surgery

Section B

Direction: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after

each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Dialogue

16. A. It is a genetic disorder.

B. It is a respiratory condition in pigs. C. It is an illness from birds to humans. D. It is a gastric ailment.

17. A. Eating pork. B. Raising pigs. C. Eating chicken. D. Breeding birds.

18. A. Running nose. B. Inappetence. C. Pains all over. D. Diarrhea.

19. A. To stay from crowds. B. To see the doctor immediately. C. To avoid medications. D. To go to the nearby clinic.

20. A. It is a debate.

B. It is a TV program. C. It is a consultation. D. It is a workshop.

Passage One

21. A. About 10,000,000. B. About 1,000,000. C. About 100,000. D. About 10,000.

22. A. A cocktail of vitamins.

B. A cocktail of vitamins plus magnesium. C. The combination of vitamins A, C and E. D. The combination of minerals.

23. A. The delicate structures of the inner ear. B. The inner ear cells. C. The eardrums. D. The inner ear ossicles.

24. A. General Motors. B. The United Auto Workers. C. NIH. D. All of above.

25. A. An industrial trial in Spain.

B. Military trials in Spain and Sweden. C. Industrial trials in Spain and Sweden.

D. A trial involving students at the University of Florida.

Passage Two

26. A. The link between obesity and birth defects. B. The link between obesity and diabetes. C. The risk of birth abnormalities. D. The harmful effects of obesity.

27. A. Neural tube defects. B. Heart problems. C. Cleft lip and palate. D. Diabetes.

28. A. 20 million. B. 200 million. C. 400 million. D. 40 million.

29. A. A weight-loss surgery. B. A balanced diet. C. A change of life style. D. More exercise.

30. A. Why obesity can cause birth defects. B. How obesity may cause birth defects. C. Why obesity can cause diabetes. D. How obesity may cause diabetes.

Part II Vocabulary (10%)

Section A

Direction: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases,

marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

31. Having a bird’s eye view from the helicopter, the vast pasture was __________ with beautiful houses. A. overlapped B. segregated C. intersected D. interspersed

32. As usual, Singapore Airlines will reduce trans-pacific capacity in _________ seasons this year. A. stern B. slack C. sumptuous D. glamorous

33. As to the living environment, bacteria’s needs vary, but most of them grow best in a slightly acid ___________. A. mechanism B. miniature C. medium D. means

34. Under an unstable economic environment, employers in the construction industry place great value on ___________ in hiring and laying off workers as their volumes of work wax and wane. A. flexibility B. morality C. capacity D. productivity

35. In a stark _________ of fortunes, the Philippines – once Asia’s second richest country – recently had to beg Vietnam to sell its rice for its hungry millions. A. denial B. reversal C. interval D. withdrawal

36. Web portal Sohu has gone a step further and called for netizens to join in an all-out boycott of __________ content. A. wholesome B. contagious C. vulgar D. stagnant

37. Experts urge a reforesting of cleared areas, promotion of reduced-impact logging, and _____________ agriculture, to maintain the rain forest. A. sustainable B. renewable C. revivable D. merchandisable

38. In the U.S., the Republican’s doctrines were slightly liberal, whereas the Democrats’ were hardly _____________. A. rational B. radical C. conservative D. progressive

39. Officials from the Department of Agriculture confirmed that the __________ floods and drought this summer did not affect the country’s grain output. A. rippling B. waning C. fluctuating D. devastating

40. It is believed that the Black Death, rampant in the Medieval Europe __________, killed 1/3 of its population. A. at large B. at random C. on end D. on average

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇七：北师大2003博士生入学考试英语试题

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇八：考研英语河北师大

入学半年多咯，该给后来考河北师大学科英语的孩纸们说说我知道的关于学科英语方方面面的了解。我说这个可能有不周全之处，但也只是给准备报考这个方向的和忧郁该不该考这方向的童鞋们提供一些参考。（之前刚考完的时候给大家写过一个怎么准备初试的经验帖子，后来好多师弟师妹们问了好多相同的问题，我就再这里再给大家总结出来）关于我的这篇经验总共分为了四个比较重要的大方面也是大家好多问重复的地方：

一.学科教学英语专业本身，河北师大学科英语考生等基本情况，报考学科英语的学历要求以及学费跟奖助情况；二.有关学科英语初试以及备考经验方法；三.有关学科英语复试；四.后记

废话比较多，下面进入正题：

2014年河北师大学科教学（英语）专业（以下简称为“学科英语”）

一.说学科教学英语专业本身，河北师大学科英语考生等基本情况，报考学科英语的学历要求以及学费跟奖助情况

1.“说”学科教学英语专业以及毕业去向

说起考研好多童鞋都是奔着就业的目的去的，学科教学（英语）属于专业硕士，跟英语教师比较对口，已经毕业的师姐们好多都是进了公立的学校（途径一般两种，师大每年都有学校来招聘这种的话试讲面试过关了一般就能走，另外的时每年会有教师招聘考试，报名参加笔试，然后面试试讲或者说课通过了就也进学校了）。还有就是参加公务员考试，事业单位考试然后就业。 2.“说”学科教学英语考生们基本情况

报考一个专业首先要对这个专业有所了解，如果确定了专业也需要对跟你一块参加的考试的考生们有所了解（知己知彼，百战百胜嘛） 学科英语的考生主要来源于这几个部分：

英语专业本科毕业生（应届生，往届生），在职老师，专科生，成人自考生，当然有一部分跨专业考生。

3.报考河北师大学科教学英语专业考试的学力要求：

学历必须符合下列条件之一：（来源于河北师大研究生院文件）

（1）国家承认学历的应届本科毕业生；

（2）具有国家承认的大学本科毕业学历的人员；

（3）获得国家承认的高职高专毕业学历后，经2年（从高职高专毕业到2014年9月1日，下同）或2年以上，达到与大学本科毕业生同等学力；

（4）国家承认学历的本科结业生和成人高校（含普通高校举办的成人高等学历教育）应届本科毕业生，按本科毕业生同等学力身份报考；

（5）已获硕士学位或博士学位的人员。

4.关于学费和奖助情况

从2014年河北师大研究生取消自费，全部公费了。学费7000元，住

宿费1200元（可以根据自己情况选择住或者不住校）。但是没有公费也不要灰心哟，学校会出台一些奖助办法滴。13年我们这一届每个月会有170元补助（虽然不算多但是也算是一点点安慰吧）14年可能会有所变动，具体等入学了就知道了。

二.有关学科英语初试备考经验方法

1.考试科目（包括四门）以及参考书目

公共课（全国统考，不指定教材）：

①101政治

②204英语二专业课（河北师大自主命题）：

③333教育综合（教育学，心理学）④905专业综合（语言学，教学法） 四本指定书目的出版社以及主编一定要看对了：王蔷的教学法第二版是高等教育出版社（英文）

胡壮麟的语言学第四版是北京大学出版社（英文）

鲁中义的心理学，科学出版社（汉语）

薛彦华的教育学，科学出版社（汉语）。

2.考研四门科目的总分为

500分=专业课300分+公共课200分

下面我一门一门的说给大家

关于教育综合333也就是教育学和心理学。考试用汉语作答，考试时间3小时。刚刚考完14年试卷由这样题型构成：①简答题，6道每道10分共60分。教育学，心理学各三②陈述题，两道50分，心理学教育学各一③材料分析题，40分，心理学教育学各一。

今年虽然有些变动的地方，这门课考的是仍旧还是比较基础的东西，但是厚厚的两本书也不是一下子就能背下来的。好多学妹抱怨看一遍可什么都没把握住，不要着急，其实考研是一个积累的过程，第一遍就是大致看看说了啥，第二遍看完了脑海里稍微有点印象，然后重点是看看真题都考什么怎么考，自己好好分析一下，然后带着目的再去看第三遍，第四遍。

心理学和教育学两本书总共600多页，我当时准备的比较晚，已经是十月份了，因为汉语两本都是汉语，决定从这两本书入手，就制订了个计划，每天看100页，六天看完第一遍，摸清楚基本框架。然后紧接着看第二遍，边看边总结一个知识结构。这个只需要大概上列出，不必每条都特别详细列出。然后第三遍，快速的看完一遍书。然后正好有个关于各个考点的笔记就把笔记又看了两遍。其实看得过程中，一遍又一遍的好多知识点已经能记住百分之三四十。然后我就把书搁一边了。毕竟全是背的知识，要是老背这个其它科目就有点顾不过来，所以这个暂时就放下了。记住，教育学心理学看得时候一定要理解的基础上背，看书要快，要善于抓住重点。

关于专业综合905，也就是教学法跟语言学，这两本考试是用英文作答，考试时间3小时。试卷由两部分构成，语言学，教学法大致各占75分。

王蔷的教学法，刚拿到这本书的时候着实脑袋一下大了，很厚一本，纯英文的，吓了一跳。可是仔细一看目录，很有条理，也很有层次。前五章理论知识，六到八语言知识，九到十二语言技巧。之后就是什么综合四种技巧，道德教育，教学评价，学习者差异，教材什么的。然后就是制定计划，每天看两到三章。先看三遍，然后再背诵，跟教育学心理学差不多。最后是胡壮麟的语言学，刚开始看语言学的时候感觉背的东西太多了。我就买了各大高校的全真试题，然后每年的都大概上看了会考哪块知识，然后再根据这些，自己做笔记，把每章的笔记都做出来，并且把所有学校考过的有关这章的内容都做出来。比如说第一章，根据历年各高校真题以及河北师大的真题可以看出要点有这些，Language,Linguistics两个概念，这个很简单。然后重要的是语言的四个designfeatures.但是好多学校仍把cultural

transmission当做考点，比如师大2013刚刚考完就把这个命了个define的题。这个胡壮麟书上没有，自己就得参考别的书来看。语言的基本功能七个。四个特点，七个功能，每个都必须掌握的特别细致，每一个特点，每一个功能都会当成一个15分的大题考。第三个重点就

是第一张最后的四对区别，描写式和规定式，语言和言语，语言能力和语用能力等等。第一章我感觉就这么几个大点比较容易考。

学妹们反映今年（2014）专业综合题型有了很多变化，考的点也略微注重实践，比如说，教学法有道题就是写不少于一千字的作文，还有个点考到了教学与文化的关系，其实学姐这里想说，万变不离其宗，只要把考点全部吃透了，管它考什么题型，考点理解到位了，到时候自然会应答如流。 有关公共课在这里说一下考试题型，至于备考经验，全国那么多权威的专家都会讲给大家听，学习的渠道还是很多滴，比如说关注一些权威人士的微博，多看看各大考研机构的网站，都会给大家总结出一些经验来。

关于政治，满分100，作答时间3小时。题型中，包括单选，多选以及材料分析。其中单项选择题为16题，每题1分。多项选择题共17题，每题2分。分析题共5题，每题10分。

关于英语二，满分100分，作答时间3小时。题型中，包括完型，阅读（4篇阅读理解，新题型，翻译题），写作。英语二只有五年真题，所以大家还得另外找一些跟英语二难度相当的或者比它难一些的题来分块相应练习。

三.有关学科英语复试备考以及经验

1.复试内容及形式（这部分来源于河北师大研究生院公布的文件） ①专业笔试；②面试；③外国语口语听力测试，满分均为100分。复试采取差额复试，差额比例为1：1.2。

2.河北师大学科教学英语复试参考书目

《语言学教程》（第四版）

胡壮麟、刘润清 北京大学出版社2011年版

《英语教学法教程》（第二版）

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇九：川大博士英语考试真题

Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Directions: There are 8 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Electronics works as a slave on the sea-bed and in space; in marketing and on the moon; in hospitals and on the race track. And yet this revolution only began with the thermionic valve, developed after the Wright brothers first proved that heavier-than-air machines could fly. Radio was the first practical and commercial development, the second leap forward came in 1947 with the more mature semiconductor technology. Then came a new world of solid state devices on a miniature scale, offering unparalleled benefits of speed and cost.

Pre-transistor equipment is now viewed as crude and clumsy, yet it manages to produce such far-reaching techniques as radar. Computers made before the transistor were elementary, enormous and slow by modern standards. The revolution reached its peak in the late1950s, with the successful breakthrough into the world of micro-electronics. This is a new series of micro-miniature electronic devices in the solid state, offering almost limitless scope in designing and producing complete circuits on a tiny chip of silicon, not much bigger than a pin-head. However, the conventional technology of the day----based on the transistor----had been developed to quite a sophisticated level. Thus it was possible to fit essential electronics to earth satellites and space probes, to take the computer to a more advanced stage and to start an entirely new industry. Today micro-electronics stands as the foundation of the industry’s total future, offering vast potentialities. The scene in the next century cannot be precisely predicted, but clearly the efforts of this industry will be aimed at making life easier. Advanced electronic control techniques will take the drudgery out of most work; the factory and office will largely be the arena of automation and even housework will be more a question of efficient programming, rather than of tedious chores.

This outlook poses some of the largest problems that this relatively young industry has had to face. Until recently, the electronics industry has been more concerned with developing the technology. Now many of the applications dictate the technology. Yesterday it was hard to imagine another breakthrough as important as the silicon integrated circuit----today we are entering a new world----the world of the microprocessor, just fifteen years after the industry came to adolescence.

1. How are the pre-transistor computers viewed now?

a. Pre-transistor computers are now viewed as crude and clumsy.

b. Pre-transistor computers managed to produce far-reaching techniques.

c. Pre-transistor computers are now viewed as elementary, enormous and slow. d. Pre-transistor computers are mow viewed as modern and advanced.

2. When did micro-electronics come into being?

a. In1947.

b. In the late 1950s.

c. When a new world of solid state devices on a miniature scale came.

d. When computers were made.

3. What are the different stages of the development of electronics?

a. Thermionic valve----semicondutor ---- solid state devices----microprocessor.

b. Solid state devices----micro-electronics----integrated circuit.

c. Thermionic valve----micro-electronics----integrated circuit.

d. Thermionic valve ----solid state devices---- micro-electronics----microprocessor.

4. What is the latest development of electronics?

a. The world of the microprocessor.

b. The silicon integrated circuit.

c. The complete circuits on a tiny chip of silicon.

d. Efficient programming.

5. What is the best title for the article?

a. The Advanced Industry of Electronics.

b. The Role of the Electronics

c. Problems Posed by Electronics.

d. The Young Industry of Electronics.

Passage 2

Can a computer think? Thai depends on what you mean by “think”. If solving a mathematical problem is “thinking”, then a computer can “think” and do so much faster than a man. Of course, most mathematical problems can be solved quite mechanically by repeating certain straightforward processes over and over again. Even the simple computers of today can be geared for that.

It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are “programmed” to do so. They can only do what men have them do. One must remember that human beings also can only do what they are “programmed” to do. Our genes “program” us the instant the fertilized ovum is formed, and our potentialities are limited by that “program”.

Our “program” is so much more enormously complex, though, that we might like to define “thinking” in terms of the creativity that goes into writing a great play or composing a great symphony, in conceiving a brilliant scientific theory or a profound ethical judgment. In that sense, computers certainly can’t think and neither can most humans.

Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be made as creative as we. If it could be as complex as a human brain, it could be the equivalent of a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.

To suppose anything else is to suppose that there is more to the human brain than the

matter that composes it. The brain is made up of cells in a certain arrangement and the cells are made up of atoms and molecules in certain arrangements. If anything else is there, no signs of it have ever been detected. To duplicate the material complexity of the brain is to duplicate everything about it.

But how long will it take to build a computer complex enough to duplicate the human brain? Perhaps not as long as some think. Long before we approach anything as complex as our brain, we will perhaps build a computer that is at least complex enough to design another computer more complex than itself. This more complex computer could design one still more complex and so on.

In other words, once we pass a certain critical point, the computers take over and there is a “complexity explosion”. In a very short time thereafter, computers may exist that not only duplicate the human brain----but far surpass it.

6. What is the best title for the passage?

a. How to Duplicate Human Brains?

b. Can a Computer Think?

c. How Does a Computer Solve a Mathematical Problem?

d. How Do Human Beings Think?

7. What does the passage tell us about computers of today?

a. Unlike human beings, they have to be programmed before they can do anything.

b. They are as complex as humans.

c. They are the equivalents of human brains.

d. They can duplicate human brains.

8. In what sense does the writer think that humans are programmed?

a. They are different from each other.

b. Our potentialities are limited by that “program”.

c. Their characteristics, powers, etc. are fixed before birth.

d. We should define “thinking” in terms of creativity.

9. What does the writer think about the human brain?

a. It is a very complex arrangement of atoms and molecules in cells.

b. It is made up of cells in a certain arrangement.

c. It is more complex than computer, so it can do everything a computer can do. d. It is made up of atoms and molecules.

10. As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, what does the word “ovum” mean?

a. Cell b. Molecules

c. Germ. d. A female germ or sex cell.

Passage 3

In November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure. The

authorities promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists were certain that it would occur within five years at the latest. In July 1977, there was a repeat performance which produced varying degrees of chaos throughout the city of eight million people. In 1965, the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of comparative prosperity. In 1977, the disaster was much more serious because it came when unemployment was high and the city was suffering from one of its worst heat waves.

In 1965, there was little crime or looting during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested. In 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry, clothes or television sets. Nearly 4000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them and included armed men.

Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day. The blackout started at 9:30 p.m., when lightning hit knocked out vital cables. Many stores were thus caught by surprise.

The vast majority of New Yorkers, however, were not involved in looting. They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries, and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerators, elevators, water and electrical power. For twenty-four hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.

11. Look at the first paragraph, Who were right: the authorities or the pessimists?

a. The authorities. b. Both c. The pessimists. d. Neither

12. In what way was the blackout of 1977 not really a repeat performance?

a. There was much more disorder.

b. This time the electricity supply failed.

c. It was quite unexpected.

d. It did not occur within five years of 1965.

13. What caused the blackout in July 1977?

a. Excessive heat probably made people switch on too many electrical appliances.

b. Because of unemployment, some machines were not in proper order.

c. During a storm, lighting damaged supply cables.

d. The passage does not mention the cause.

14. Why did many looters manage to escape?

a. The police could not see them in the dark.

b. Many of the looters were armed with guns.

c. There were not enough policemen to catch them all.

d. They were hidden inside big buildings.

15. How long did the 1977 New York electricity failure last?

a. A whole week. b. Twenty-four hours.

c. Three days. d. A whole night.

Passage 4

Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source----crude oil found below the earth’s surface, as well as under large bodes of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25000 feet into the earth’s interior. Sometime crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.

Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.

Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin or thick, transparent or opaque, but their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.

The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining process rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.

16. Which of the following is NOT true?

a. Crude oil is found below land and water.

b. Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface.

c. Pumping and pressure force crude oil to the surface.

d. A variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.

17. Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because

a. the petroleum product vary greatly in physical appearance.

b. complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure.

c. the two atoms in the molecule assume many positions.

d. the pressure needed to force it to the surface causes molecular transformation.

18. Which of the following is true?

a. The various petroleum products are produced by filtration.

b. Heating and condensation produce the various products.

c. Chemical separation is used to produce the various products.

河北师大博士英语考试中间收卷吗篇十：10届博士英语考试复习资料